1. Utah Indians
By: Ms. Astle

2. When did the different Native American Groups live in Utah?
Paleo Indians 12,000 BC
Archaic Indians
5,000 B.C.
Anasazi
300 B.C.
Fremont
400 A.D.
Shoshone, Ute, Goshute, Paiute
1,100 A.D.
Navajo
1620
Prehistoric
Historic

3. Paleo-Indians Moved from place to place. Paleo—means Very ancient
Location
Moved from place to place.
Food
Hunted large animals
Gathered seeds, roots, nuts, and other natural plants
Pine nuts very important source of food. They stored them for winter and ground them to make flour and added water for mush.
Shelter
Had no permanent shelter
Tools
Used rocks, animal bones, and sticks as tools for hunting and preparing food
Clothing
Animal Skins

4. Archaic Indians
Archaic—means ancient
Location
Moved around to follow the sources of food. Lived all over North America.
Food
Hunted small animals.
Hunted Buffalo, deer, antelopes and birds.
Fished in the lakes and rivers
Gathered seeds, roots, nuts, and other natural plants.
Ate lizards, insects, mice and gophers.
Shelter
Built small shelters called wicki-ups from branches covered with mud.

5. Archaic Indians Clothing Facts Animal hides were used as clothing.
It takes 1000 mouse skins to make 1 robe.
Used plant fibers to make sandals.
Facts
Yucca plant fibers were used to make mats and rope, nets, and snares.
Used Atlatls for hunting.
Wove baskets to carry seeds and water.
Were known as “Desert Gatherers” because they spent so much time searching for food in the dry climate.

6. Fremont Indians Facts Location Food Shelter Clothing
Dry valleys and mountains of the Great Basin.
Food
Grew corn, beans and squash.
Hunted buffalo, deer, and antelope
Gathered seeds, berries, pine nuts, and wild bulbs.
Shelter
Lived in pit houses in a community. The rooms were lined with rock to store food.
Clothing
Animal hides for clothing.
Wore ceramic, turquois, alabaster, fluorite, and claystone pendants.
Facts
Made coiled gray pottery, baskets, and clay figurines that looked like people.
Decorated figurines with necklaces and painted their faces.
Created Rock Art
Dug irrigation ditches and brought water from streams to water crops.

7. Anasazi Indians Anasazi—means “ancient ones or ancient enemies.”
Location
Plateau Region along the San Juan River and the Four Corners.
Clothing
Woven cotton shirts and belts
Wove yucca fibers into sandals and headbands
Animal skins used for clothing.

8. Anasazi Food Shelter Started farming corn, squash, and beans
Gathered seeds, berries, pine nuts, and wild bulbs.
Hunted buffaloes, rabbits, deer, and antelopes.
Raised turkeys
Shelter
Built permanent homes on top of mesas and into the sides of cliffs.
They lived in pit houses and apartment dwellings.
Used logs, dirt, and stone for building houses
Made adobe bricks.

9. Anasazi Tools and Crafts Facts Created pottery
Made cradle boards to carry babies
Used baskets to store food
Used bow and arrow
Carved stone knives with wooden handles
Carved whistles out of bone
Wove fibers into mats
Bags made out of animal skins
Facts
Built Dams and reservoirs to catch rain water
Grew some of their own food and dried it to store for winter.
Grew cotton and wove it into belts and shirts.
Used the bow and arrow

10. Goshute Location Shelter Clothing Food
They lived in dry desert regions in the middle of western Utah.
Shelter
They lived in villages and built wiki-ups from branches and dirt.
In the winter they often lived in mountain caves.
Clothing
During the summer, men wore breech-cloths. Women wore aprons or long grass skirts.
During winter they wore leather shirts and kept warm under rabbit-skin blankets.
Later after whites arrived they wore cotton shirts, pants, and dresses.
Food
Hunted large and small animals
Fished in the streams and rivers
Ate crickets (grasshoppers)
Dug for roots and small animals.

11. Goshute Facts The found developed ways to irrigate crops.
They found many uses for desert plants.
The Goshute used more than 100 different kinds of desert plants.
They drove crickets into a pit and roasted them for food.
Because they dug in the ground for roots some people called them the “Root Diggers.”
They did not raise horses.
Used bows and arrows, spears, clubs, and knives.
Created Rock Art

12. Navajo Location Lived in the dry region of southern Utah. Food Shelter
Hunted large and small animals
Fished in streams and rivers
Gathered seeds, roots, and nuts.
Raised sheep and goats
Shelter
Built Hogan from logs and packed dirt.

13. Navajo
Clothing
Used the wool from the sheep to make clothing and blankets.
Facts
Called themselves Dine’
They irrigated and farmed.
The got sheep from the Spanish and used the wool to make yarn.
They wove beautiful blankets, rugs, and cloth with the yarn.
A Hogan is a symbol of the Spiritual connection to Mother Earth. It is home for the spirit.
A Hogan door always faces east to meet the rising sun.
Used horses for hunting, moving about, and carrying heavy loads.
One of the Navajo gods is Grandfather of the Gods. He is also called Talking God.

14. Paiute Lived in the Dry regions in the southwest corner of Utah.
Location
Lived in the Dry regions in the southwest corner of Utah.
Shelter
They lived in villages and built wicki-ups from branches and dirt.
In the winter they lived in mountain caves.
Food
They hunted large and small animals.
They fished in the streams and rivers.
They gathered seeds, roots, and nuts.
Some grew corn, beans, squash and wheat.

15. Paiute
Clothing
During the summer, men wore breech-cloths. Women wore aprons or long grass skirts.
During winter they wore leather shirts and kept warm under rabbit-skin blankets.
Later after whites arrived they wore cotton shirts, pants, and dresses
Facts
Some Paiute irrigated crops.
Did not raise horses.
Used bows and arrows, spears, clubs, and knives.
Created rock art

16. Shoshone Location Shelter Food
The Shoshone live in the mountains and valleys of northern Utah and in Idaho and Wyoming.
Shelter
Made tepees of tall posts coved with buffalo hides.
Food
Hunted large and small animals such as deer, buffalo, elk, mountain sheep, antelope, rabbits, and squirrels.
Fished in streams and rivers.
Gathered seeds, roots, and nuts.

17. Shoshone Clothing Facts
They made clothing from animal skins, grasses, and bark.
They used animal hides to cover their feet and also wove reeds into strong sandals.
Buffalo hides with the fur still on were used as blankets.
Facts
Large bands of about 200 people lived in a tepee village near a stream or besides a lake.
Had and raised horses.
Used bows and arrows, spears, clubs, and knives.
Used horses for hunting, moving about, and carrying heavy loads.
Used horses to ride to find buffalo herds. They rode around the herds and shot arrows into the large buffalo.
Cut buffalo meat into long strips and dried it on wooden racks in the sun.

18. Ute Location Food Shelter Clothing
Lived in the fertile valleys near the mountains and lakes in central and eastern Utah.
Shelter
Made tepees of tall posts coved with buffalo hides.
Clothing
They made clothing from animal skins, grasses, and bark.
They used animal hides to cover their feet and also wove reeds into strong sandals.
Buffalo hides with the fur still on were used as blankets.
Food
Hunted large and small animals such as deer, buffalo, elk, mountain sheep, antelope, rabbits, and squirrels.
Fished in streams and rivers.
Gathered seeds, roots, and nuts.

19. Ute
Facts
At time of explorers, the Utes were the largest tribe in the area.
Seven bands lived over the land.
Had and raised horses.
Used bows and arrows, spears, clubs, and knives.
Used horses for hunting, moving about, and carrying heavy loads.
Used horses to ride to find buffalo herds. They rode around the herds and shot arrows into the large buffalo.
Cut buffalo meat into long strips and dried it on wooden racks in the sun.
Ute Bear Dance is important to the Ute even today. They believe it will bring them power.

20. Sources
USGS. Geological Survey Professional Paper Jan Web. 17 Sept
ProBoards. –tribes.com. Web. 17 Sept {URL:
AnasaziHikes.com. 16 Room House Anasazi Ruin near Bluff, Utah. Anasazihiks.com Web. 18 Sept [
Schafer, Rick. Anasazi Ruins. Cuded Design and Inspiration Cuded.com. Web. 18 Sept [
Curtis. Anasazi Ridge Petroglyphs. Utah Petroglyphs: Petroglyphs and Pictographs of Utah. 6 April Web. 18 Sept [
Smithsonian Institution. National Museum of the American Indian Collections Search. Smithsonian National Museum of the American Indian Smithsonian Institution. Web. 18 Sept [
U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Land Management. Anasazi Heritage Center Artifact Gallery. 02 Aug Web. 21 Sept [
Utah Department of Heritage and Arts. Utah American Indian Digital Archive University of Utah. Web. 21 Sept [
Indian Education Utah State office of Education. Skull Valley Goshute Tribe. Utah Education Network. Web. 21 Sept [