1. Chapter 5: CELL GROWTH & DIVISION
Pg. 128

2. developmental changes… or maintenance……
BIG IDEA: (p.128)
CELLS HAVE THEIR OWN LIFE CYCLE THAT INCLUDES REPRODUCTION, GROWTH & REGULATION, WHICH ALLOWS ORGANISMS TO CARRY OUT LIFE FUNCTIONS AND GROW.
What might happen to your body that would cause a normal cell to respond by dividing?
Injury… infection…
developmental changes… or maintenance……

3. Background info-
All cells that make up the BODY are known as SOMATIC cells. (hair, skin, bones) In humans, they all contain 46 chromosomes. Cells with a FULL set of chromosomes are called DIPLOID (2n)
SPERM & EGG are unique cells called GAMETES or GERM CELLS.
In humans, they contain 23 chromosomes each.
Cells with HALF a set of chromosomes are called HAPLOID. (n)
ZYGOTE very first BODY cell…sperm & egg unite
Why would gametes only need HALF the number of chromosomes??

4. The cell cycle has 4 main stages:
The cell cycle (p. 130)
The cell cycle has 4 main stages:
INTERPHASE
Gap 1- (G1) normal cell functions, rapid growth
Synthesis ( S) – copies DNA
Gap 2 (G2)- continue normal functions and growth
Mitosis (M) – mitosis and cytokinesis

5. Cell size is limited (p. 132)
Cells have upper and lower size limits. Cells too small would not have room for necessary organelles. Cells too large would be limited by ratio of surface area to volume. Materials could not move sufficiently across cell. See fig. 1.3, p. 133 *To maintain a suitable cell size, growth and division must be coordinated.

6. 5.2 mitosis and cytokinesis
It’s ALL about the CHROMOSOMES!!
Chromosome- one long continuous thread of DNA that consists of numerous genes and information.
gene- smallest unit of DNA that codes for a protein and trait
Fun fact- If stretched out straight, end to end, the DNA in ONE cell would be about 10 feet long!
How does it fit inside your cells?
chromosomes TIGHTLY condense and wrap around proteins.

7. States of dna: (p. 135)
Chromatin-
Chromosome-
Chromatid-
Centromere-

8. Remember: Before the cell can divide it must go through INTERPHASE
Stages of mitosis (p.136)
Remember: Before the cell can divide it must go through INTERPHASE

9. Stages of mitosis : p.m.a.t.
Pro= BEFORE
PROPHASE-
NUCLEAR ENVELOPE DISAPPEARS
CHROMATIN CONDENSES INTO CHROMOSOMES
MITOTIC STRUCTURES FORM: SPINDLES & CENTRIOLES

10. PROPHASE VIDEO

11. Stages of mitosis : p.m.a.t.
META= CHANGE
2. METAPHASE-
- CHROMOSOMES LINE UP IN MIDDLE ALONG EQUATOR
- SPINDLES ATTACH TO CENTROMERES

12. METAPHASE VIDEO

13. Stages of mitosis : p.m.a.t.
ANA= AGAIN
3. ANAPHASE
- SISTER CHROMATIDS SEPARATE

14. ANAPHASE VIDEO

15. Stages of mitosis : p.m.a.t.
TELO=END
4. TELOPHASE: IDENTICAL CHROMOSOMES ARE AT OPPOSITE POLES OF CELL NUCLEAR MEMBRANES REAPPEAR MITOTIC STRUCTURES DISAPPEAR

16. TELOPHASE VIDEO

17. CYTOKINESIS:
WHEN THE CYTOPLASM COMPLETELY DIVIDES INTO 2 CELLS & COMPLETES THE FULL STAGE OF THE CELL CYCLE. CYTOKINESIS DIFFERS IN PLANTS & ANIMALS
Cell furrow
Cell plate

18. REGULATION OF CELL CYCLE (P.140)
INTERNAL & EXTERNAL FACTORS REGULATE THE CELL CYCLE EXAMPLES: Chemical & Physical Signals
The cell cycle has checkpoints that respond to feedback signals
What happens when cell cycle loses control??

19. Cancer
When regulation of the cell cycle is disrupted…… …..cells divide out of CONTROL!
Clumps of cancer cells = tumors
Benign-
Malignant-

20. Binary fission *remember they are less complex with NO ___________.
*PROKARYOTES- carry out a simpler & quicker mode of division
*remember they are less complex with NO ___________.
End result is similar: both mitosis and binary fission form 2 daughter cells that are identical to the parent cell.
Can you name an example of a PROKARYOTIC cell?!

21. asexual reproduction
ADVANTAGES
DISADVANTAGES

22. STEM CELLS P. 150
Stem cells- unique type of BODY cells that can divide & renew themselves for long period of time and differentiate into specialized cells. Adult Stem Cells- partially undifferentiated, can be found all over the body Embryonic Stem Cells- Undifferentiated cells in a 3-5 day embryo, can become any type of cell.

23. P.M.A.T.
REVIEW MITOSIS: