1. Information “Overload”
Compare a cell to a growing town. The town library has a limited number of books. As the town grows, these limited number of books are in greater demand, which limits access.
A growing cell makes greater demands on its genetic “library.” If the cell gets too big, the DNA would not be able to serve the needs of the growing cell.

2. Large cells cannot transport nutrients across membrane
A group of smaller cells has a larger surface area than a single cell with the same volume...

3. Traffic Problems
To use the town analogy again, as the town grows, more and more traffic clogs the main street. It becomes difficult to get information across town and goods in and out.
Similarly, a cell that continues to grow would experience “traffic” problems. If the cell got too large, it would be more difficult to get oxygen and nutrients in and waste out.

4. Remember, cells must use diffusion and osmosis to obtain important nutrients, like oxygen and glucose

5. Asexual Reproduction
Asexual reproduction is reproduction that involves a single parent producing an offspring. The offspring produced are, in most cases, genetically identical to the single cell that produced them.
Asexual reproduction is a simple, efficient, and effective way for an organism to produce a large number of offspring.
Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic single-celled organisms and many multicellular organisms can reproduce asexually.

6. Sexual Reproduction
In sexual reproduction, offspring are produced by the fusion of two sex cells – one from each of two parents. These fuse into a single cell before the offspring can grow.
The offspring produced inherit some genetic information from both parents.
Most animals and plants, and many single-celled organisms, reproduce sexually.

7. Interphase – cell copies DNA and prepares for division
Cell Division - process by which a cell splits into two identical daughter cells
Occurs in two main phase: 
Interphase – cell copies DNA and prepares for division
Mitosis – chromosomes separate into two new cells

8. Prokaryotic Chromosomes
Prokaryotic cells lack nuclei. Instead, their DNA molecules are found in the cytoplasm.
Most prokaryotes contain a single, circular DNA molecule, or chromosome, that contains most of the cell’s genetic information.

9. Eukaryotic Chromosomes
In eukaryotic cells, chromosomes are located in the nucleus, and are made up of chromatin.

10. What are chromosomes? DNA containing cell’s genetic code
Each chromosome has a matching pair (homologous)
During interphase, each chromosome copies itself

11. Life Cycle of the Cell Mitosis = nuclear division
Mitosis is followed by cytokinesis (cell division)
The steps of mitosis ensure that each new cell has the exact same number of chromosomes as the original
Interphase = growth phase, differentiation occurs

12. The Cell Cycle Interphase (longest phase)
G1 - first growth (gap) phase
Synthesis - DNA makes a copy
G2 - second growth (gap) phase, preparing for mitosis
Mitosis - nucleus divides, ensuring each new cell has the exact number of chromosomes as parent

13. Interphase • Prophase • Metaphase • Anaphase • Telophase
IPMAT

14. 1. chromosomes visible (chromatids)
2. centrioles migrate to the poles
3. nuclear membrane disappears
4. nucleolus disappears
5. spindle forms

15. 1. chromosomes line up on the equator, spindle attaches

16. 1. chromatids separate and move to opposite poles

17. 1. chromosomes disappear • chromatin
2. nuclear membrane reforms
3. nucleoli reappears
4. spindle disappears
5. centrioles duplicate

18. - division of the cytoplasm to form 2 new daughter cells
- organelles are divided
- daughter cells are genetically identical
Cells return to interphase

25. Name the phases starting at the top.

26. Name the phase
Identify X
Identify Y

27. 5. Name the phase

28. 6. Name the phase