1. CHAPTER 4
18th CENTURY AMERICA

2. John Woolman, Some Considerations on the Keeping of Negroes, 1754
“to live in ease and plenty by the toil of those whom violence and cruelty have put in our power” was clearly not “consistent with Christianity or common justice.”
John Woolman, Some Considerations on the Keeping of Negroes, 1754

3. COLONIAL LIFE
Population +++
Natives
Immigration
Religion?

5. GREAT AWAKENING Causes? Revivalism Consequences
Less people, bureaucracy
Fervor?
Economic/social stress
Revivalism
Consequences
Question authority

6. COLONIAL LIFE
Farming
Urban: artisans/craftsmen

7. COLONIAL LIFE Social class $$$ inequalities Mobility Few wealthy
Most at bottom

8. COLONIAL LIFE Social life: The Inn Sexual behavior
Lodging, drinking, socializing
Sexual behavior
Little privacy
Recall
Small communities
Inappropriate outside marriage

9. REVIEW: BACON’S REBELLION

10. SLAVERY slave-trade: slaves available, affordable
1691: Virginia interracial marriage

12. SLAVE TRADE
W. Africa
The Middle Passage Experience

13. MAP 4.3 Triangular Trade Across the Atlantic The pattern of commerce among Europe, Africa, and the Americas became known as the “Triangular Trade.” Sailors called the voyage of slave ships from Africa to America the “Middle Passage” because it formed the crucial middle section of this trading triangle.

15. AFRICANS IN CAROLINAS Highest % of slaves White minority
Rice = African crop
Slave food
Rice pudding in England
Cheap grain for soldiers, orphans, and peasants.

16. RESISTANCE Running away burning harvest killing masters, overseers
Stono rebellion (S.C.)

17. MAP 4.2 Slave Colonies of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries By the eighteenth century, the system of slavery had created societies with large African populations throughout the Caribbean and along the southern coast of North America.

18. FIGURE 4.2 Africans as a Percentage of Total Population of the British Colonies, 1650 –1770 Although the proportion of Africans and African Americans was never as high in the South as in the Caribbean, the ethnic structure of the South diverged radically from that of the North during the eighteenth century. SOURCE:Robert W.Fogel and Stanley L.Engerman,Time on the Cross (Boston:Little,Brown,1974),21.

19. SLAVE LIFE Agriculture, field work, house work
Weather: humid summers, cold winters
Food: corn and pork
Vegetables, fish, game

20. SLAVE LIFE
Different experiences
Small vs. large plantations

21. SLAVE LIFE Most important: FAMILY Kinship Humanize conditions
Auntie, uncle, brother, sister
Humanize conditions

22. SLAVE LIFE Religion Black Christianity “Invisible” church
Christianity + indigenous African religions
“Invisible” church

23. Roots of Black culture
Creoles
Music, dance
Food
Architecture