1. Exploration of America

2. Christopher Columbus Purpose: Sail West to reach Asia
Sailed for Spain (King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella paid for his voyage. They wanted him to find riches…gold, silver, spices, cotton)
Made 3 voyages with several ships
Obstacles: no maps and frightened crew, going into the unknown
Accomplishments: Landing in the Bahamas and settled in Central and South America
The Columbian Exchange started when Columbus arrived in Caribbean Islands
Columbian Exchange started the movement of animals, plants, food and people between Eastern and Western Hemispheres.

3. Ferdinand Magellan Searched for passage to Pacific Ocean
Traveled around South America to get back to Spain.
Died in Philippines
His crew was the lst to circumnavigate the world
Columbus said that it could be done, but never made it. Magellan proved you could travel around the globe.

4. John Cabot An Italian Explorer Sailed for England Obstacle: no map
Purpose: Find a new route to Asia. He reached the coast of Canada which he thought was Asia
Accomplishments: Landed in Eastern coast of Canada and discovering a rich fishing area. Europeans then went there to set up fishing companies.

5. Juan Ponce de Leon Sailed for Spain
Obstacle: Fighting with Native Americans over land and made them work for them
Purpose: Looking for “fountain of youth” and gold
Accomplishments: First European to reach Florida
Claimed Florida for Spain

6. Vasco Nunez Balboa Sailed for Spain
Purpose: Looking for a new route to Asia
Obstacle: Fought with Native Americans
Accomplishments: Sailed to present day Panama in Central America. He crossed the mountains and jungles of Panama to reach and discover the Pacific Ocean

7. Henry Hudson Sailed for England (Netherlands)
Purpose: Discover the Northwest Passage to Asia (Explorers believed it was a shortcut)
Obstacles: Cold Climate (his crew were not prepared for the cold weather…they wanted to leave and he didn’t….they mutinied against him and set him, his son, and 7 crew adrift.)
Accomplishments: Sailed up the Hudson River to present day New York and claimed it for England and he found the bay known now as the Hudson Bay.

8. Jacques Cartier Sailed for France
Purpose: find a water passage to Asia.
Obstacles: Sailors caught diseases and cold climate
Accomplishments: Sailed over 1,000 miles along the St. Lawrence River in Canada and set up the French fur trading post

9. Navigation Tools Used During Voyages
Compass- is a navigational instrument for determining direction
Astrolabe-is a historical astronomical instrument. It located the position of the sun, moon, planets, and stars; determining local time

10. Paths of European Explorers

11. Contact Between Explorers and Native Americans
BEFORE
AFTER
Simple tools (bones, shells)
Hunters, farmers
Canoes and dogs for transportation
No alcohol
Clothing: tree bark, fur
Lived in clans
Growing communities
Metal tools, guns
Trade with Europeans
Horses for transportation
Alcohol exposure
Cotton introduced
Germs, smallpox, some Native American tribes became extinct because of diseases

12. Conflict and Cooperation
Fought in battles over land
Endured harsh treatment and diseases
Explorers tricked Native Americans into “sharing” land….they really signed a compact saying they would give it up
Native Americans were forced to comply with new ways or move away to a new area
Cooperation
Trading of goods (new tools, clothing & fur)