1. Understanding Children from 2 to 3 years old.
TEST REVIEW

2. Terms to know for 2 and 3 year olds
Physical Skills
Social-emotional skills
Math skills
Self-help skills
Language comprehension
Physical Skills: Gross and Fine Motor Development. Gross motor: being able to kick a ball. Fine motor: can scribble pictures with crayons and will begin to use the same hand for any hand skills they use. Later on at 30 months children can draw horizontal lines, vertical lines, and circles and can also build blocks.
Self-help skills: At two years old children can begin to undress themselves. They can remove clothing easily; things like snaps, Velcro, and zippers. They can drink from a cup without help, they may spill but practice helps to improve their skills. Potty training at this time begins to occur with reminders.
Math Skills: Can give “just one” by request. They understand big and small objects.
Social and Emotional Skills: Does not like the share toys because they are possessive and often negative, but you can encourage them to share. Likes to give affection to parents, and displays jealousy.

4. Cognitive development for 2 year olds.
Language Comprehension:
Person’s or child’s understanding of language. (receptive or inner language). At 2 years old children can understand and answer routine questions.
Can identify at least 6 body parts—by asking them questions.
Can comprehend pronouns: “I, my, mine, and me.”
Can follow two step commands.
Can give answers to where questions.
Expressive language:
Ability to produce language forms. Begins with 2 word sentences and grows to 3 word sentences. Usually follow a sequence.
Feeding in: provide the child’s language
Expansion: expanding the child’s language
Feeding in example: if a child is building blocks the teacher would provide the play-by-play: “you’re building blocks”
Expansion: If a child says “car” the teacher responds to saying “this is a blue car” that way expanding their languages.
A child’s average vocabulary at 2 years old is about words.

6. Three year olds:
Gross motor: Throwing, jumping, and hopping skills increase. Can catch large balls with their arms. They can walk heel to tow for four steps, and can balance on one foot for up to 8 seconds.
Fine motor development: Cutting skills become more refined.
Three year olds can attend to every day routines. Such as, washing and drying his or her hands.
Can solve simple problems.
Gross Motor: climbing becomes easier. Can ride and steer tricycles.

7. Cognitive development: Able to solve simple problems.
Self help skills: Daily routines require little adult assistance. Can undress and dress for almost any item of clothing.
Cognitive development: Able to solve simple problems.
Language Comprehension skills: They can now give you 2 objects. Can follow three-part instructions: “Go to the sink, wash your hands, and dry them with a towel.”
Can understand “you and they” and “who, whose, why and how”. The adult can ask questions with those pronouns and the child will typically be able to answer. Children also question the “why and when”
Expressive language skills: knows more than 900 words by now. Can make sentences of 4-5 words. Can understand the differences between past and present tense.
Math readiness: understand the concept full, more, less, smaller, and empty. Counting skills develop.
Expressive language skills: can understand possessive nouns by stating that it is someone else’s possession.
Math skills: a three year old can give you 2 objects. Can count to 3 and some can even go beyond that. However, children may count to ten, but mostly beyond that they begin to make it up.

9. Social and Emotional
Social Development: Become cooperative, happy, and agreeable. Eager to help others. Begin to play with, rather than next to, other children. Will share with others, but not too much.
Gender Roles: The behaviors expected of boys and of girls.
Emotional development: they get excited, angry, and discouraged. They are beginning to understand that there are appropriate ways to express emotions.
Know the difference between Emotional development of a two and three year old.
Self- Concept: The way you see yourself.
Will imitate the behavior of adults.
Two year olds can lead to angry outbursts. 3 year olds will no longer become frustrated when they can’t do something. They also have improved language skills. Three-year olds are likely to become angry when things do not go their way. However, begin to direct their anger at objects. Children at this age are more likely to express their anger with words and two year olds tend to hit, stamp, and cry.
Self-concept: 3 year olds have a set or beliefs about him or herself. Will tell you about themselves.