1. DO NOW Describe Franklin’s Albany Plan of Union.
What political cartoon did he create to visually illustrate his plan?

2. North America
Canada
Canada
Map #1

4. How Britain Won

5. ENGLAND-13 colonies, NW Canada
SPAIN-Florida, the SW to the Pacific and Mexico (known as New Spain)
FRANCE-Ohio River Valley North to Canada and West to New Spain (known as New France and Louisiana)

6. Rivalry Between Britain and France Leads to War
European powers competed for trade and colonies around the globe.

7. France and England both claimed land in North America
English settlers pushing westward clashed with French fur traders in Ohio Valley

8. France Maintain Control Ohio Valley
Profitable fur trade w/ Native Americans
Linked France’s landholdings in Canada w/Louisiana.
Water routes

9. Britain Control Ohio Valley
Expand west of 13 colonies – crossing Appalachian Mountains
Rich farmland
Water routes
Take over profitable fur trade w/Native Americans

10. French Build Series of Forts
Forts built up and down the Ohio River to the Mississippi River and down to the Gulf of Mexico

11. Meanwhile, traders from New York and Pennsylvania crossed the Appalachian Mountains looking for furs

12. French thought native Americans would side with them since they were trappers and traders not farmers like the British.
Why is this important?

13. FRENCH ALLIES
ALGONQUINS
HURONS

14. BRITISH ALLIES Powerful Iroquois Nation
William Johnson, English trader---had Iroquois wife, Molly Brant who was a Mohawk Chief’s sister-Joseph Brant

15. British Allies
English charged less for trade goods than French.

16. Monongahela and Allegheny Rivers
Washington ordered to take 150 men and build a fort where the Monongahela and Allegheny Rivers meet.
On the way there, they hear the French just completed Fort Duquesne in the same spot they were heading.

17. Fort Duquesne

18. Washington and his men build a makeshift stockade.
Fort Necessity
Washington and his men build a makeshift stockade.
They soon get surrounded by French and Indian forces and are forced to surrender

20. Albany Congress They wanted to accomplish two things:
Persuade the Iroquois to help them against the French
To plan a united defense

21. ALBANY PLAN OF UNION
Planned by Ben Franklin of PA
Called for Grand Council with representatives from each colony
One government would make laws, raise taxes, set up defense for the colonies

22. ALBANY PLAN OF UNION
Delegates accepted it but each colony’s assembly’s rejected it
Colonial assemblies did not want to give up their power to a central government

24. General Edward Braddock
Led British and colonial troops in an attack against Fort Duquesne.
What do you think, is it going to be different fighting a war in the wilderness of North America rather than the open fields of Europe?

25. They had to move slowly because they had to clear roads through thick forests.
Braddock ignored warnings from Indian Scouts.
They were headed for disaster at Fort Duquesne

26. Braddock and his men wore bright red jackets
They marched in straight lines
They were ambushed by French and Native American sharpshooters who hid in the forest and picked off the British

27. William Pitt
In 1757 William Pitt becomes new head of British government.
He sends best generals to colonies
Payment to colonists for military service and supplies

28. In 1758, General Amhearst Captured Fort Louisbourg and then Fort Duquesne which is renamed Fort Pitt

29. Battle for Quebec
Quebec is vital to the protection of New France
Quebec supplied French forts along the St. Lawrence River

30. Battle for Quebec
The city sat on/bordered Plains of Abraham, steep cliff high above St. Lawrence River
French General Marquis de Montcalm

31. General James Wolfe devises plans to row to foot of cliff.
Soldiers climbed cliff and surprised French
Fierce fighting broke out and Montcalm and Wolfe both laid dead

32. Treaty of Paris
On September 18, Quebec surrendered to British
In 1763, Great Britain and France signed Treaty of Paris

33. What did Britain gain?
Britain gained Canada and all French lands East of the Mississippi River except New Orleans.

34. What Did Spain Gain?
Spain gave Florida to Britain.
Spain received all of the French land West of Mississippi
Received port of New Orleans

35. What was France Allowed to Keep?
France kept two islands in the Gulf of St. Lawrence
France kept some sugar-growing islands in the West Indies

36. Pontiac’s War
English settlers now go West with the French gone and build forts and farms on Native American land
English raised prices of goods traded to Native Americans

37. Pontiac’s War
Chief Pontiac leads an attack on British soldiers at Fort Detroit
Other Native American nations joined Pontiac to capture forts in Ohio Valley
British and colonists retaliated

38. Proclamation of 1763
Drew an imaginary line on the crest of the Appalachians.
Colonists could not settle West of that line which upset them. If living there had to move
Britain sent 10,000 troops to enforce it. Colonists pay for.