1. Bell Ringer
What is slash-and-burn agriculture? Why was it only beneficial for a few years?
THE EASTERN MOUND BUILDERS
PEOPLES OF THE SOUTHWEST AND GREAT PLAINS
PEOPLES OF THE WOODLANDS

2. THE EASTERN MOUND BUILDERS
Lived in eastern North America – between the Mississippi River and the Atlantic Ocean
Lived along rivers as hunter-gathers and eventually began to grow their own food
Historians are not sure why they declined
The Adena:
Constructed mounds that were used as tombs
Most likely took part in long-distance trading
Little is known about daily life, declined about 100 B.C.

3. THE EASTERN MOUND BUILDERS
The Hopewell Culture:
Built larger mounds than the Adena
Lived in many small communities with local leaders
Grew a variety of crops
The Mississippians:
Began around 700 A.D., also built mounds and grew crops (maize and beans)
Major centers of government and religion developed in present-day Alabama and Georgia
Cahokia: largest Mississippian center that had the largest mound in North America

5. PEOPLES OF THE SOUTHWEST AND GREAT PLAINS
The Ancient Ones:
Anasazi: one of the ancient Native American peoples of the Southwest.
Constructed pueblos: stone or adobe dwelling, part of a cluster of dwellings built close together.
Kivas: round rooms used for special religious ceremonies.
Droughts between caused them to abandon their pueblos.

6. PEOPLES OF THE SOUTHWEST AND THE GREAT PLAINS
Later Pueblo Peoples:
Groups that upheld Anasazi customs (pueblos, pottery, skilled farming)
Relied on irrigation for water for farming
Believed in many spirits, called kachinas
The Plains Indians:
Great Plains: a mostly flat and grassy region of western North America
Individual groups that had their own languages and traditions (some were farmers, others roamed the plains)
Arrival of European settlers caused many Native American cultures to break down

7. PEOPLES OF THE WOODLANDS
Lived in woodlands in different parts of Canada and the United States
Hunted in forests and fished in rivers
Built remarkable structures called totem poles – had images of animals and used as a family crest/symbol of wealth and power
Eastern woodlands included the five Iroquois Nations – Mohawk, Onondaga, Cayuga, Seneca, and Oneida
Governed their own villages but met to decide issues as a whole
Best organized political system in the Americas when the Europeans arrived