1. Let’s Get Physical

2. Physical Properties
A physical property is a characteristic of a material that can be measured or observed but does not change the composition of the material
Common physical properties are
Viscosity
Conductivity
Malleability
Hardness
Melting Point
Boiling Point
Density

3. Viscosity
Viscosity is a liquids tendency to keep from flowing, its resistance to flow
If a liquid is highly viscous this means it does not flow easily
Ex. Karo syrup and honey
If a liquid has a low viscosity then it flows easily
Ex. Water, alcohol, vinegar
The colder the temp the higher the viscosity, the higher the temp the lower the viscosity

4. Conductivity
Conductivity is a material’s ability to allow heat to flow through it
Most metals have a high conductivity
Most materials that are good conductors of heat are also good conductors of electricity
Wood is a poor conductor

5. Most metals are malleable
Malleability
Malleability is the ability to be hammered into a sheet without shattering
Ex. Tin foil
Most metals are malleable
Ice and class are not malleable because they shatter, instead they are said to be brittle

6. Hardness and Density
When 2 materials are put together, the harder material will always scratch the softer material
Diamond is the hardest known material
Density is a ratio of mass to volume
Density can be used to determine the identity of an unknown material
Density can also be used to determine the purity of a known material (gold, silver, copper, ect.)

7. Melting Point and Boiling Point
MP is the temp at which a material goes from a solid to a liquid
BP is the temp at which a material goes from a liquid to a gas
For water MP is 0°C and BP is 100 °C
BP and MP can be useful in determining the identity of an unknown material

8. Filtration and Distillation
Filtration is the process that separates particles based on size
Ex. Strainers, coffee filters
Distillation is a process that separates materials based on BP
Distillation is used in the production of moonshine

9. Physical Change vs. Chemical Change
A physical change occurs when a physical property is changed but not the composition of the material
Most physical changes are reversible
When chemical changes occurs the composition of the material must change, meaning that a new chemical has been formed