1. Properties of Matter
Lesson 2
February 2nd, 2011

2. Matter has many forms Matter – anything that has mass and volume.
Mass is a measure of the quantity of an object. (g, kg,)
Volume is a measure of space taken up (mL, L)

3. The Particle Theory of Matter (4 points)
Way of describing matter.
All matter is composed of very tiny objects called particles.
Each Pure substance has its own kind of particles, different from the particles of other pure substances.

4. The Particle Theory of Matter (4 points)
3. Particles present in matter are always in motion. They may be vibrating back and forth, as in a solid, or moving in all directions, as in a gas. In a liquid, particles stay close together but can slide past one another.
4. The particles in a substance attract each other. The amount of attraction is different for different kinds of particles. All particles have spaces between them.

5. Changes of State
There are 3 states of matter
Solid
Liquid
gas

6. Terms for changes of state
Melting – Change from a solid to a liquid
Evaporation - Change from a liquid to a gas
Condensation - Change from a gas to a liquid
Freezing - Change from a liquid to a solid
Sublimation - Change from a solid to a gas
Deposition - Change from a gas to a solid
Ended here

7. Terms for changes of state

8. The temperature at which a solid turns into a liquid is called the melting point. (water is 0°C) The reverse process, freezing, occurs at the freezing point.

9. the temperature at which a liquid turns to a gas is called the boiling point. The boiling point is the same temperature as the condensing point, the temperature at which a gas changes into a liquid

10. Physical Properties
-A physical property describes a characteristic of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing the composition of matter.
Example: Melting Point, Boiling Point

11. When water freezes it expands due to a special bonding between water molecules.
Larger volume with the same mass = Less dense
This is why ice floats

12. Observing Physical Properties
Property
Description
Examples
What it looks like
Colour and lustre
The light the substance reflects gives it colour and lustre (shine)
The names for some
substances, such as gold,
are also the names of colours. Gold has lustre; concrete is dull
Conductivity
Conductivity is the ability
of a substance to conduct electricity or heat. A
substance that conducts
electricity or heat is called a conductor. A substance with little or no conductivity is an insulator.
Most metals are good conductors. Copper is a very good conductor of electricity and so is used to make electric wires. Styrofoam® and glass are insulators.

13. Observing Physical Properties
Property
Description
Examples
What it looks like
Density
Density is the amount of
mass in a given volume of
a substance.
D = m/v
The density of pure water is 1 g/mL.
The density of gold is 19 g/mL.
Water is denser than oil, but gold is denser than water.
Ductility
Any solid that can be
stretched into a long wire is said to be ductile.
Copper is a common
example of a ductile material.

14. Observing Physical Properties
Property
Description
Examples
What it looks like
Hardness
Hardness is a substance’s
ability to resist being scratched. Hardness is
usually measured on the Mohs hardness scale from
1 to 10.
The mineral talc is the softest substance on the Mohs hardness scale (1). Emerald is quite hard (7.5). Diamond is the hardest
(10).
Malleability
A substance that can be
pounded or rolled into
sheets is said to be malleable.
Aluminum foil is an example of a malleable substance.
Metals such as gold and tin are also malleable.

15. Observing Physical Properties
Property
Description
Examples
What it looks like
Viscosity
Viscosity is the resistance of a fluid to flow.
Honey has a high viscosity
Compared to water.

16. Physical Properties - Lab