1. Axial Skeleton:

2. Skeleton Axial Skeleton: Appendicular Skeleton
Skull, ribs, spine (including sacrum and coccyx)
Appendicular Skeleton
Upper and lower extremities, pectoral girdle, and pelvic girdle

3. 8 Present at Birth
8 Present at Birth

4. Lordosis
Kyphosis
Lordosis
Pelvic Kyphotic Curve

5. Cervical Vertebrae: The Atlas (C1)
Figure 7.17a

6. Atlas and Axis Atlas (C1) supports the skull Axis (C2)
concave superior articular facet
nod your head in “yes” movement
ring surrounding large vertebral foramen
anterior & posterior arch
Axis (C2)
dens or odontoid process is held in place inside the vertebral foramen of the atlas by ligaments
allows rotation of head -- “no”

7. Cervical Vertebrae
Table 7.2

8. The Vertebrae
Cervical Thoracic Lumbar

9. General Structure of Vertebrae
(Both Sides)
(Both Sides)
(Both Sides)
(Both Sides)
Figure 7.15

11. Vertebral Column: Intervertebral Discs
Figure 7.14b

12. Damage to the Intervertebral Discs

13. Thoracic Vertebrae
Figure 7.17b

14. Lumbar Vertebrae
Figure 7.17c

15. Sacrum and Coccyx: Anterior View
Figure 7.18a

16. True and False Ribs
True ribs (1 to 7) attach to sternum with costal (hyaline) cartilage
False ribs (8-12)
11-12 are floating and not attached to sternum
12 pairs of ribs in both sexes

17. Bony Thorax (Thoracic Cage)* * * * * * *
Figure 7.19a

18. Rib Structure Flat blade called a shaft
inferior margin has costal groove for nerves & vessels
Proximal head & tubercle are connected by neck
Articulation
head with body of vertebrae
tubercle with transverse process
Tubercle Head

19. Appendicular Skeleton
Upper and lower extremities, pectoral girdle, and pelvic girdle

20. Pectoral Girdles (Shoulder Girdles)* *
Humerus g *
Figure 7.22a

21. Clavicles (Collarbones)
Figure 7.22b, c

22. * * *

23. *
Radial Fossa * * * * *

24. * * * * * * *

28. Hand
3 Distal
3 Proximal

29. Distal Middle Proximal 6 6 6
6 Distal 6 Proximal 1 4 5 1 2 2
Distal Middle Proximal 3 3 4 5