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Severe Weather
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Thunderstorm time lapse
Storm that generates lightning and thunder; often produces gusty winds, heavy rain, hail From cumulonimbus cloud(s) along a cold front Occurs all over the earth (most in the tropics) when warm, humid air rises in an unstable environment Thunderstorm time lapse
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Stages in the Development of a Thunderstorm
1: 2: 3: Mature stage: Simultaneous updraft and downdraft create strong winds Raindrops merge and get bigger as they fall long distance through cloud
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Hail formation Balls of ice that fall from a cumulonimbus cloud
Ice gets swept up and down in updrafts inside cloud Grow larger as water refreezes each time they rise
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Largest Recorded Hailstone
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Lightning During mature storm stage
Updrafts and downdrafts rub against each other, building up static electricity Bottom becomes negatively charged; ground is positively charged May occur within a cloud, between clouds, or from cloud to ground How Stuff Works: Lightning
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Tornado Violently rotating column of air touching earth and cumulonimbus cloud Most form during severe thunderstorms
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Tornadoes
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Video: Tornado Crosses Kansas Highway
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Tornado Intensity Fujita Scale: rates storm by damage caused
Tornado safety Watch: conditions are right for a tornado Warning: tornado has been sighted BBC Tornado Animation
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Other names: Typhoon (Pacific Ocean), Willy-willy (Australia)
Hurricane Large areas of low pressure rotating counter clockwise Central eye is an area of high pressure Season starts in June, peaks in Sept Favorable conditions: Unstable atmosphere Warm ocean temps Other names: Typhoon (Pacific Ocean), Willy-willy (Australia) BBC Hurricane Animation
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Photograph courtesy NASA/GSFC
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Where Hurricanes Form 7 Basins
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New Orleans Strong Side Weak Side
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Cross Section of a Hurricane
Makes no sense without caption in book Eye = high-pressure center Eyewall = circle of strong thunderstorms surrounding eye Rainbands = arms formed by curved lines of storm clouds
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Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale
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Hurricane Hazards Flying debris Tornadoes
A storm surge is water pushed toward the shore by the force of the winds swirling around the storm Severe flooding Beach erosion Causes more damage than winds
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