1. Lesson #11-Exploration Part 1
Agenda: Bellwork, Notes, Exit Ticket (Nearpod), Amistad
Bellwork: Begin a new section of notes titled “Exploration Part 1”. Answer the following questions”
What are possible motivations for early explorers to go to the Americas?
What are possible consequences of American exploration?

2. Exploration-Voyages of Discovery
Objective: Students will discuss and analyze key figures in exploration during the 1400s and 1500s and evaluate the new technologies and inspirations bringing them to new lands.
Terms and People: caravel, Henry the Navigator, Vasco da Gama, Christopher Columbus, Ferdinand Magellan, circumnavigate, Sir Francis Drake, Henry Hudson
Guiding Questions: 1. What were the foundations upon which the Age of Exploration was built? 2. What discoveries were made by explorers from Portugal and Spain? 3. What drove explorers from the rest of Europe?

3. Foundations of Exploration
Age of Exploration-during Renaissance (inspiration for exploration); frequent and influential voyages.
Europeans wanted luxury goods; Italians sold them for high $$$
Reasons for Exploration:
-new route to Asia
-fame
-religion
-curiosity

4. Advances in Technology
New technology made exploration possible:
-Compass-Chinese invention that pointed north.
-Astrolabe-Muslim invention that used sun, stars, and the horizon to calculate location
-Caravel-light, fast sailing ship equipped with weapons.

5. Explorers PORTUGUESE:
-Vasco de Gama-1st European to make it around Africa; set up trade with India
SPANISH:
-Christopher Columbus-1492; Italian; thought he found Asia; was really in the Caribbean (West Indies); 3 more voyages
-Amerigo Vespucci-1502; Discovered South America, “America”
-Vasco Nunez de Balboa-1513; Discovered Pacific Ocean
-Ferdinand Magellan-1519; Portuguese, First to circumnavigate, or sail completely around, the world.

7. Explorers
ENGLISH:
-John Cabot-1497; sailed to Canada; thought he was in Asia
-Sir Francis Drake-Sent by queen, explored west coast of SA; 2nd person to circumnavigate the globe.
-Henry Hudson-1607; Dutch; wanted to find Northwest Passage-shorter route to Asia going north; Hudson Bay
FRENCH:
-Jacques Cartier-1534; Also looked for Northwest Passage; claimed land around St. Lawrence River, Canada

9. Exploration-Conquests and Colonies
Objective: Discuss and analyze the colonies established in the New World. Evaluate the consequences of colonization.
Terms and People: encomienda, Hernán Cortés, conquistador, Moctezuma II, Francisco Pizarro, Atahualpa, viceroys, Bartolomé de Las Casas, Treaty of Tordesillas
Guiding Questions: How did Spain build an empire in the Americas? What kind of colony did the Portuguese establish in Brazil? What was life like in the French, Dutch, and English colonies in the Americas?

10. Spain Builds an Empire
Spain successfully settles land and conquered the Aztecs (Mexico) and Incas (Peru).
Established ecomienda system-a colonist was given land and Native Americans to work as slaves; the colonist was required to teach Christianity.
Spanish exploration was fueled by the discovery of precious metals. Native Americans were used as slaves, but 90% died from disease and mistreatment. Africans were then imported for slave labor.

11. Spanish in Mexico and Peru
Mexico: Hernan Cortes, a Spanish conquistador (conqueror), befriended Malinche and thousands of natives that disliked Aztecs. Cortes arrived with European weapons on horse, some Aztecs fled. In 1519 his army entered Tenochtitlan (capital). Took the emperor Montezuma, killed him, and conquered entire Aztec Empire after just a few months.
Peru: Francisco Pizarro led an expedition to Peru where smallpox had already weakened the empire (civil war after emperor died). Atahualpa (new ruler) met with Pizarro who demanded Christianity and his empire; Atahualpha taken prisoner, gave fortune, then killed. Spanish took over Incan empire.

12. Hernan Cortes

13. Moctezuma II

14. Portuguese in Brazil
As a compromise the Portuguese and Spanish created the Treaty of Tordesillas-an imaginary line that divided the Americas.
Only Brazil to Portuguese.

15. French, Dutch, and English Colonies
French: Settled in Canada; no gold and silver; instead fishing, logging, and fur trading. No enslavement, mainly worked with native population. Also explored Mississippi River to Gulf of Mexico claiming all the land Louisiana, after Louis XIV.
Dutch: Trade not settlement; Hudson River Valley and New Amsterdam (Manhattan); Dutch East India Company (trade, Caribbean, Asia)
English: Jamestown, Virginia-1st settlement; no gold and silver; 80% settlers died; Pilgrims at Plymouth successful in 5 years; English are harsh towards natives.
French and Indian War: Between British and French over land, French had native and American allies but lost; gave up land in Canada and East of Mississippi; forced to leave; tied to American Revolution because of taxes to pay for war.

16. French, Dutch, and English Colonies

17. Exit Ticket What was the primary goal of Spanish explorers?
Why did explorers from England, the Netherlands, and France want to find the Northwest Passage?
What was a devastating consequence of the ecomienda system?
What is a consequence of the French and Indian War?
1-Go to nearpod.com or download the free nearpod app to answer the exit ticket
2-Enter the pin and use your first name and last initial plus your block (ex: AmandaV1a) to answer.
3-Number your answers.