1. Chapter 8 Section 2 Early Challenges

2. The Government is TESTED
Remember Shay’s Rebellion???
What happened to the government?
Déjà vu: The Whiskey Rebellion
1791: direct tax on the manufacture of whiskey
Enraged western farmers who made extra money by turning the corn they grew into whiskey.

3. The Government is TESTED
1794 = REBELLION!!!
PA – farmers terrorized tax collectors, stopped court proceedings, robbed the mail, and destroyed the whiskey-making stills of those who paid

4. The Government is TESTED
Does the federal government have what it takes???
13,000 troops are sent by Washington to crush the rebellion
Rebels disperse without a fight - - the government WINS!!!

5. Confrontations with Native Americans in the region
Westward Expansion
Area between the Appalachian Mountains and the Mississippi River was rapidly expanding
Confrontations with Native Americans in the region
Treaty of Greenville

6. Treaty of Greenville: The Terms
Native Americans agreed to stay to the north and west of the Treaty of Greenville Line and the Americans were to stay to the south and east.

7. Treaty of Greenville: The Response
Flow of Americans into the region rapidly increased
Ohio becomes a state in 1803

8. 1793: France declares war on Britain
Trouble Abroad
1789: French Revolution
1793: France declares war on Britain
Since both countries traded with the United States, Americans were stuck in the middle.

9. Washington’s Foreign Policy
Where do we stand on the war?
Federalists
Horrified by the bloodshed and chaos = OPPOSITION
Democratic Republicans
Admiring the fight for liberty = support
What does Washington decide to do?
1793: issued a proclamation declaring the US to be “friendly and impartial” (neutral) toward both warring powers

10. Each European country, however, feared such trade would benefit the other. Both countries began stopping American ships and seizing their cargoes.

11. US Congress on the brink of war
Troubles Abroad
British navy intercepts all neutral ships carrying goods to French ports
British (in forts still on American territory) were inciting Native Americans to attack western settlers
US Congress on the brink of war

12. Wanting to avoid war, John Jay heads to Britain…

13. Jay’s Treaty: The Terms
An agreement between the United States and Britain where the US agreed to pay debts owed to British merchants
In return the British agreed to:
(1)pay for the ships it seized,
(2)withdraw troops from the Northwest Territory, and
(3)stop aiding Native Americans.
Britain, however, refused to recognize the right of the US to trade with France and it refused to cease (stop) impressment of US sailors.

14. Jay’s Treaty: The Response
Angered Republicans
Republicans accuse the Federalists of being Pro-British
Republicans claimed the US gave up too much and got too little
Federalists liked the treaty because it kept peace with Britain

15. Jay’s Treaty: Long-Term Consequences
Washington agreed to implement the treaty
1. Prevented war with Great Britain
2. Protected the fragile American economy

16. More trouble aboard…

17. Pinckney’s Treaty
1795: Spain joined France against Britain
Signing of Jay’s Treaty
Fears in Spain that the British and Americans might now join forces to seize Spain’s North American holdings

18. Time to negotiate…
The goal: Keep the United States happy so they do not join up with Britain against Spain.

19. Pinckney’s Treaty: The Terms
Spain granted the United States the right to navigate the Mississippi River and to deposit goods at the port of New Orleans

20. Pinckney’s Treaty: The Response
Won broad acceptance in the United States, especially among western farmers who wanted to use the Mississippi River to get crops to the market

21. Washington’s second term comes to an end…
His decision not to run for a third term becomes an important precedent, as does his Farewell Address.
Washington’s second term comes to an end…

22. Washington Leaves Office
“Europe has a set of primary interests which to us have none or a very remote relation… Why… entangle our peace and prosperity in the toils [traps] of European ambition?... It is our true policy to steer clear of permanent alliances with any portion of the foreign world.” - George Washington, Farewell Address, 1796