1. English Constitutional Monarchy
By: Ms. Susan M. Pojer Horace Greeley H. S Chappaqua, NY
Adapted by: Mr. Reiner Kolodinski

2. The Stuart Monarchy

3. James I [r. 1603-1625]– House of Stuart
Mary, Q of Scots son
James I’s speech to the House of Commons:
“I am surprised that my ancestors should ever be permitted such an institution to come into existence. I am a stranger, and found it here when I arrived, so that I am obliged to put up with what I cannot get rid of!”
Attitude = Divine Right!!
Star Chamber courts used… no Parliamentary courts…

4. James I [r. 1603-1625] Strong Anglican Anti-Parliament
Anti-Puritan
Separatists leave England…Plymouth Pilgrims
Anti-Parliament
Customs Duties imposed ($$) to avoid Parliament
Catholic alliances
Jamestown, VA…
Anti-tobacco

5. Ship Money Assessments, 1636 [per square mile]
What could account for the differences in assessments (duties / taxes) for the different regions of the country?

6. King James Bible, 1611
Sponsored the publication of this English version of the Bible… Royal Influences

7. Charles I [r. 1625-1649] Anti-Parliament
Tariffs, duties, taxes and quartering troops
Petition of Right
Parliament must approve taxes
No quartering troops
No imprisonment without just cause

8. Nicknamed “The Stuart Magna Carta”
The Petition of Rights, 1628
Nicknamed “The Stuart Magna Carta”
Original Magna Carta issued 1215
Against royal abuse of power
Contract between King & Nobles
Limited the power of the King
Guaranteed Rights… Jury, Due Process
Required Parliament’s consent on taxes

9. The Many Faces of Charles I
by Van Dyck (1633)
The Many Faces of Charles I

10. Thomas Wentworth Earl of Stafford
Hired by Charles I to raise money for the crown
Centralized government
Sought new revenue sources
Enforced and extended laws
Angered Parliament and the people

11. Archbishop William Laud
Forced religious conformity in Britain
Book of Common Prayer
Puritans & Presbyterians protested
Scots rebelled… $ req’d
“Short Parliament”
“Power of the Purse”
Parliament seeks cooperation
Charles dissolves Parliament
Archbishop William Laud

12. The Long Parliament
Charles I called on Parliament for military operation funding vs. Scots in rebellion
Parliament religiously & politically divided
Parliament suspended royal decrees
Laud & Wentworth impeached AND executed by Parliament
Parliament invaded by Charles I & then passes Military Ordinance >> civil war!

13. Allegiance of Members of the Long Parliament
( )

14. Royalists (Cavaliers) Parliamentarians (Roundheads)
English Civil War ( )
Royalists (Cavaliers)
Parliamentarians (Roundheads)
House of Lords
N & W England
Aristocracy
Large landowners
Church officials
More rural, less prosperous
House of Commons
S & E England
Puritans
Merchants
Townspeople
More urban , more prosperous

15. Oliver Cromwell [1599-1658] The “Interregnum” Period [1649-1660]
Roundheads prevail in Civil War
Inspired Thomas Hobbes – “Leviathan”
Oliver Cromwell establishes a Puritan Republic aka Commonwealth ( )
Abolished House of Lords, monarchy & official church
Executed Charles I publicly
Conquered Scotland & Ireland… BRUTAL TACTICS used
Disbanded Parliament 1653

16. Oliver Cromwell [1599-1658] The “Interregnum” Period [1649-1660]
The Protectorate ( ) = dictatorship
Cromwell is Lord Protector
Strict Puritan rule
Prohibited theatre, dance, alcohol, etc.
Limited rights
Religious conformity
Ended Cromwell’s death

17. New Model Army Soldier’s Catechism
Puritan Rule or else
Atrocities vs. Irish Catholics
Military rule = martial law
Limited Freedoms

18. The Public Beheading of Charles I
Why is this execution so significant?

19. King Charles II [r. 1660-1685] The Restoration Period
Had charm, poise, & political skills.
Restored the theaters, reopened the pubs and brothels closed during the Cromwell’s Protectorate Era
Favored religious toleration.
Secret Catholic sympathies.
Avoided father’s mistakes

20. King Charles II [r ]
1661  “Cavalier” Parliament [Royalists]
Disbanded the Puritan army.
Pardoned most Puritan rebels.
Restored the authority of the Church of England.
1662  Clarendon Code [Act of Uniformity]
Anglican religious conformity = All had to use the Anglican Book of Common Prayer.
Forbade “non-conformists” to worship publicly, teach their faith, or attend English universities… Catholics, Presbyterians, Jews

21. King Charles II [r ]
American “Restoration Colonies”= “Carolinas”
1673 Test Act
Parliament excluded all but Anglicans from civilian and military positions… “Puritan Radicals” / “Catholic Traitors”
1679 Habeas Corpus Act!! (still in use)
Any unjustly imprisoned persons could obtain a writ of habeas corpus = govt. must explain why imprisoned.

22. Charles II’s Foreign Policy
1665 – 1667: Second Anglo-Dutch War
Uses Louis XIV as ideal ally against the Dutch… shows pro-Catholic sympathies, $$ to be made!
1670  Treaty of Dover = E + F vs. Dutch
Declaration of Indulgence rescinds Clarendon Code

23. “The Popish Plot 1678”
Titus Oates swore Catholics were plotting to assassinate King Charles II
Parliament believed…Hysteria… innocent RCs died… plot proved to be a lie
Oates condemned & humiliated

24. King James II [r. 1685-1688] Bigoted convert to Catholicism
Lacked shrewdness or ability to compromise
Alienated even the Tories.
Provoked revolution by his attitude

25. King James II [r ]
Put Catholics into the High Command of both the army and navy.
Stationed “standing army” outside of London.
Surrounded himself with Catholic advisors & attacked Anglican control of the universities.
Claimed the power to suspend or dispense with Acts of Parliament.
1687  Declaration of Liberty of Conscience
He extended religious toleration to RC’s without Parliament’s approval or support.

26. The “Glorious” Revolution: 1688
Whig & Tory leaders offer the throne jointly to James II’s daughter Mary [raised a Protestant] & her husband, William of Orange.
He was a vigorous enemy of Louis XIV.
He was seen as a champion of the Protestant cause.
English Protestants
support this

27. English Bill of Rights [1689]
Constitutional Monarchy
Settled all major issues between King & Parliament.
Served as a model for the U.S. Bill of Rights.
Basis for the steady expansion of civil liberties of 18c and early 19c England.

28. English Bill of Rights [1689]
Main provisions:
The King could not suspend laws.
The King could not interfere with course of justice.
No taxes levied or standard army maintained in peacetime without Parliament’s consent.
Freedom of speech in Parliament.
Sessions of Parliament would be held frequently.
Subjects had the right of bail, petition, and freedom from excessive fines and cruel and unusual punishment.
The monarch must be a Protestant.
Freedom from arbitrary arrest.
Censorship of the press was dropped.
Religious toleration.

29. Age of Walpole (PM) Last Stuart ruler, Queen Anne childless
“House of Hanover” (German) begins to rule England b/c…
Act of Settlement 1701 orderly shift in power if K/Q are childless…
King George I becomes king 1714
Robert Walpole becomes PM
England flourished under his leadership in the 1700s
Maintained peace, increased trade