1. Ecosystems

2. Ecology
The study of how living things interact with each other and with their environment.

3. Bio
Biotic Factors
Living include plants, animals, fungi, microorganisms
Bio = life
biotechnology
biomechanics
biosphere
biofeedback
biostatistics
biography
biotic
biology

4. Examples of Biotic Factors

5. Abiotic Factors A
Non-living include air, water, soil, temperature, wind, source of energy (usually sun)
a, an (G) prefix not, without
abiotic
amusia
amoral
atoxic

6. Examples of Abiotic Factors

7. Systems of interacting entities in ecosystems
Energy from the sun flows in one direction
Arriving as radiation and leaving as heat
Matter is recycled within ecosystem
Through food-web relationships and decomposition 7 7

8. Ecosystems interact spatially
Ecosystems vary greatly in size
From a puddle of water to a bay, lake or forest
Adjacent ecosystems may share components and interact
ex. prairie and forests interact where they converge
Ecotones = transitional zones between two ecosystems
Elements of each ecosystem mix
Patches = form the landscape
Example: forested patches within an agricultural landscape
Widely spaced patches endanger organisms 8 8

9. What is the organization of Ecological Study?
Organism
Population
Community
Ecosystem
Biosphere

10. Levels of Organization
Individual- one organism (living)
Ex a moose

11. Levels of Organization
Population- groups of individuals that belong to the species and live in the same area. (living-living same species)
Ex many moose

12. Limiting Factors
An environmental factor that causes a population to decrease.
Include: food and water, space, and weather conditions.

13. Food and Water
Food and water must be supplied to evenly distribute amongst all the living things.
Carrying capacity: the largest population an area can support.

14. Space You need enough space in order to live and survive.
Especially plants!

15. Weather Weather conditions suitable for your environment.
Enough rainfall for your environment.

16. Levels of Organization
Community- groups of different populations (more than one population or different groups of species)
Ex many groups of moose beavers, trees, grass (all living)

17. Levels of Organization
Ecosystem- all organisms in a particular area along with the nonliving. (living and nonliving)
Ex many groups of moose beavers, trees, grass, rocks, water, mountains

18. Levels of Organization
Biome- group of ecosystems that have the same climate and similar dominant communities
Biomes: tropical rain forest, tropical dry forest, tropical savannah, temperate grassland, desert, temperate woodland and shrub-land, temperate forest, northwestern coniferous forest, boreal forest (taiga), tundra, mountains and ice caps

19. Levels of Organization
Biosphere- all of the planet where life exists, includes land, water, and, air
Life extends 8 km up and 11 km below the surface

20. Levels of Organization
biome
group of organs working together
one individual living thing
group of different kinds of tissues working together
all organisms of the same kind living in one area
large region with typical plants and animals that includes several ecosystems
all living and nonliving things interacting within a certain area
all interacting populations in an ecosystem
group of similar cells organized to work together
smallest unit of living things
ecosystem
community
population
organism
organ system
organ
tissue
cell