1. 19th Century Immigration to the United States
“Give me your tired, your poor,  Your huddled masses, yearning to breathe free,  The wretched refuse of your teeming shore,  Send these, the homeless, tempest-tost to me, I lift my lamp beside the golden door.”
Inscription on the Statue of Liberty
Author: Emma Lazarus

3. Why Immigrate? Enduring Understanding (main idea):
TEKS 8.23A: identify selected racial, ethnic, and religious groups that settled in the United States and explain their reasons for immigration
Why Immigrate?
Enduring Understanding (main idea):
People who voluntarily migrate do so because they are looking for a better life.
Political (Freedom from tyranny)
Social/Religious (Way of life, practice of faith)
Economic (Make more $)

4. Who Came to the United States in the 19th Century?
TEKS 8.23A: identify selected racial, ethnic, and religious groups that settled in the United States and explain their reasons for immigration
"Understand that America is God's Crucible*, the great Melting-Pot where all the races of Europe are melting and re-forming! Here you stand, good folk… at Ellis Island**, in your fifty groups, your fifty languages, and histories, and your fifty blood hatreds and rivalries. But you won't be long like that, brothers, for these are the fires of God you've come to – these are fires of God. A fig for your feuds and vendettas! Germans and Frenchmen, Irishmen and Englishmen, Jews and Russians—into the Crucible with you all! God is making the American."
— Playwright Israel Zangwill
*Crucible: A heat-resistant container used to melt ores, metals, and other materials.
**Ellis Island: Site of an immigration inspection station located in New York Bay, near the Statue of Liberty. Millions of European immigrants passed through Ellis Island upon arriving in the U.S.
The Melting Pot
According to the Melting Pot Theory, peoples from various cultures come to America and contribute aspects of their culture to create a new, unique American culture. The result is that contributions from many cultures are indistinguishable from one another and are effectively "melted" together.
Who Came to the United States in the 19th Century?
English
Irish
Germans
European Jews (mostly from Russia and Germany)
Scandinavians
Chinese
Italians
This is on your quiz!

6. Push-Pull Factors (What drives migration/immigration)
Definition: The push factor involves a force which acts to drive people away from a place and the pull factor is what draws them to a new location.
Push Factors:
Population Growth
Agricultural changes
Industrial Revolution
Religious turmoil (unrest)
Political turmoil (unrest)
Pull Factors:
Room for development
Labor shortage (Industrial Revolution)
Religious freedom
Political stability
Individual Rights
Affordable land

7. Labor Industry Police Fire Erie Canal Railroad
TEKS 8.23A: identify selected racial, ethnic, and religious groups that settled in the United States and explain their reasons for immigration
Labor
Industry
Police
Fire
Erie Canal
Railroad
Irish Contributions to American Society
Christmas trees
Easter Rabbit
Sausage
Polka music
Kindergarten
Some German Contributions to American Society
Country of Origin
When
Push/Pull factors
Where did they settle? What did they do?
Britain s
Push: not enough land, jobs, religious freedom
Pull: Land, jobs, freedom, adventure
Began on the east coast; settled throughout N. America
Ireland
1820s, 30s & 40s
Push: Famine, oppression
Pull: Jobs, food, religious freedom
In cities along east coast (esp. New York, Boston)
Most were Catholic and many were persecuted in the U.S. as well
Germany
1850s-
1890s
Push:, High rent/land prices political unrest, some religious persecution
Pull: Good, inexpensive farmland
Midwest, especially St. Louis, Milwaukee, Cincinnati. Many German communities in Texas.xas
Many farmers; sometimes nearly a whole village would transplant

8. Throughout the 1800s, especially after 1870
TEKS 8.23A: identify selected racial, ethnic, and religious groups that settled in the United States and explain their reasons for immigration
Country of Origin
When
Push/Pull factors
Where did they settle? What did they do?
European Jews
Throughout the 1800s, especially after 1870
Religious persecution in Russia, Poland, Germany, Romania and other countries
Throughout the U.S. with communities sticking together. Large numbers in New York, Charleston,
Scandinavians
Beginning in 1825; many more in the 1880s-90s
Many Lutherans and Quakers to escape religious persecution, shortage of jobs there and workers here
Western New York, Northwest (Wisconsin, Illinois, Minnesota)
Farmers, factory workers
Chinese
1850s-80s
Economic opportunity, the Gold Rush, political turmoil in China
Mostly in California, many were miners and railroad workers. The Chinese immigrants were mostly men and suffered much racial persecution in the U.S.

9. One Reaction: ANTI-Immigrant
Nativism: a policy or belief that protects or favors the interest of the native population of a country over the interests of immigrants.
ANTI-Immigrant
This cartoon is both anti-Irish and anti-Chinese.

10. Know-Nothings (The American Party):
a political party that arose in the mid 1800s in reaction to the large number of Catholic immigrants (mostly Irish). They proposed denying suffrage, citizenship to Catholics.
Analyze this “Know-Nothing” political cartoon from the 1850s
Who is shown?
What do the characters symbolize?
Of what is the artist trying to convince us?