1. Eddies
Momentum
Height above ground
Heat
Water vapor
Wind speed
Figure 14.1
Ecological Climatology © 2008 G. Bonan

2. 2.5
1.25
2.0
0.75
1.5
0.25
Wind speed (m s-1)
Deviation from mean (m s-1)
1.0
-0.25
0.5
-0.75
0.0
-1.25 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
Time of day (hours)
Figure 14.2
Ecological Climatology © 2008 G. Bonan

3. Height above ground (m)16 14 12 10
Height above ground (m) 8 6
Day 14
Day 12
Day 35 4 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Wind speed (m s-1)
Figure 14.3
Ecological Climatology © 2008 G. Bonan

4. h m () () m h  = z/L  = z/L 6 5 Unstable Stable Unstable4 5 3 h 2 4 1 m
() 3
() -1 2 -2 -3 1 m -4 h -5 -2
-1.5 -1
-0.5
0.5 1 -2
-1.5 -1
-0.5
0.5 1
 = z/L
 = z/L
Figure 14.4
Ecological Climatology © 2008 G. Bonan

5. Neutral
Unstable
Stable z
Height
Wind speed
u1
u2
Figure 14.5
Ecological Climatology © 2008 G. Bonan

6. Figure 14.6
Ecological Climatology © 2008 G. Bonan

7. z
Height
raM
raM
raH = raM + r*b
z0M
r*b
z0H
us = 0 uz z s
Wind speed
Temperature
Figure 14.7
Ecological Climatology © 2008 G. Bonan