1. Forging the National Economy, 1790-1860
Cover Slide
The American Pageant
Chapter 14
Forging the National Economy,

2. Rapid Population Growth in US
By 1860, 13 original states  33 states
Population doubling every 25 years
Key Factors
U.S. 4th most populous western country
Rapid urbanization 

3. Irish Immigration Impact of “the Famine”
Became largest immigrant group to U.S.

4. Discrimination Against Irish
Role of Religion / Poverty
Forced to create very close-knit communities 
Formed secret societies to combat bigotry
The Ancient Order of Hibernians
The Molly Maguires
Extreme WASP views of Irish
N.I.N.A.

5. Irish v. Blacks Irish fiercely resented blacks
Shared society’s basement
Competed for scarce jobs
Race riots between black & Irish dock workers
Irish did not support the abolitionist cause
Civil War draft riots

6. Success of the Irish Acquired modest amounts of property
Political activism
Soon controlled powerful city machines
Strong, motivated workforce

7. German Immigration Over 1.5 million came b/w 1830-60
Today ~ 25% of all Americans have German ancestry
Most were farmers, displaced by crop failures & by other hardships
Some were liberal political refugees
“Forty-Eighters”

8. Germans in America Most pushed out to the mid-west Very Independent
Less politically potent
Introduced beer
Wet:

9. THE AMISH Distinct religious settlements in PA, IN, & OH Founder:
They “shun” extravagance
No modern conveniences
Persecuted in Europe b/c:
For 200 years they have preserved their traditional way of life

10. Nativism
Feared immigrants would outbreed, outvote, and overwhelm Protestant natives

11. Nativism Fear of “papal power” Order of the Star Spangled Banner
"Know-Nothing" party (The American party)
Advocated restrictions on immigration and naturalization
Favored deportation laws of alien paupers
Most nativists tended to join the Whig party
Eventually most became Republicans

12. Birth of America's Industrial Revolution
Economic Inventions
The Textile Industry began the Industrial Revolution in the U.S.
Why did New England become center of the Industrial Revolution?
Why was the South slow to industrialize?

13. Economic Inventions Samuel Slater- Eli Whitney's
changed America and the world
raising cotton became highly profitable
South 
Westward expansion into AL & MS
Stimulated American Industrial Revolution by supplying cotton to New England textile mills

14. Economic Inventions Elias Howe/Isaac Singer Significance:
Charles Goodyear
Samuel F. B. Morse
1800:
1860:

15. The Textile Industry in the U.S.
Francis Cabot Lowell
Local farmers' daughters hired to work in the factories
Textile factories sprang up all over New Eng. and mid-Atl. states
Water power and steam power gradually replaced female labor
Immigrant labor replaced female labor

16. Why did New England become center of the Industrial Revolution?

17. Why was the South slow to Industrialize?

18. The Business World Principal of Limited Liability
Northern “Wage Slaves”
Gains for workers
voting rights for Laboring Males
workingmen's parties
Commonwealth v. Hunt (1842)

19. Urban Slums

20. Northwest Agriculture
Ohio-Indiana-Illinois territory 
Used to feed booming Cotton Kingdom
Key Inventions
Farming changed from subsistence to large-scale, specialized, cash-crop agriculture
Farmer Debt Increased (land & machinery)
Farmers demand new markets 

21. The Transportation Revolution
Prime Motive: Connect East to West
Turnpikes
Canals
Rivers / Steam Power
Railroads
Clippers
The Pony Express

22. Forging the National Economy, 1790 - 1860
The Transportation Revolution
The Continental Economy
European Immigration
Forging the National Economy,
Irish in America
The Market Economy & the Family
Nativism & Assimilation
Germans in America

23. The Old Immigrants
Germans
Irish