1. Original Source: Ms. Susan Pojer
World War I --
America on the Home front
Standard 6.4
Chapter 19
Original Source: Ms. Susan Pojer

2. Causes of WWI
M- Militarism A- secret Alliances I- Imperialism N- Nationalism

3. Militarism
Militarism- the development of armed forces and their use as a tool of diplomacy
Each nation wanted stronger armed forces than those of a potential enemy.
By 1890 Germany had the strongest army.
When Germany began to build up its navy that is when Britain and other European nations started to build up their navies.

4. Alliance System 2 major defense alliance systems in Europe
Triple Entente:
Triple Alliance:

5. Two Armed Camps!
Allied Powers:
Central Powers:

6. Europe

7. Imperialism European nations had been building empires
The colonies supplied their mother countries with raw materials and were markets for manufactured goods.
Newly unified countries such as Germany and Italy wanted to get in the imperial race.

8. Economic & Imperial Rivalries

9. Nationalism
Nation- refers to a group of people who share a common language, religion, history and tradition.
Nationalism- devotion to the interests and culture of one’s nation
Not all nations had states; many were included in empires (nations will want their own states)
Nationalism spurred competitions amongst states= everybody (nation) wants to be 1!

10. Pan-Slavism: The Balkans, 1914
Look at the different ‘nations’ with the countries.
Referred to as the “Powder Keg” of Europe.

11. The SPARK that set of World War I
June 1914 Archduke Ferdinand, heir to the Austrian throne, visited Bosnian capital Sarajevo
Serbian nationalist Gavrilo Princip assassinated Archduke Ferdinand and his wife Sophie.
This set off a fire storm with in the alliance system!!!! One by one each nation was pulled into the conflict.

12. Archduke Franz Ferdinand & His Family

13. The Assassination: Sarajevo

14. The Assassin: Gavrilo Princip
He was a member of the black Hand- an organization promoting Serbian nationalism.

15. How each country was brought into war through the alliance system:1.
Declares war on
Serbia– who is backed by Russia
Austria-Hungary 2.
Germany (allied with A-H)
Declares war on 3.
France (allied with Russia) 4. 6.
Then, Germany invades Belgium leading to…. 5.
Great Britain declares war Germany and A-H

16. Fighting begins Schlieffen Plan
Germany invaded Belgium using this strategy
Plan called for the Germans to hold Russia, quickly march through Belgium to get to France and once France was defeated the 2 German armies would attack Russia

17. German Atrocities in Belgium

18. Mobilization Home by Christmas! No major war in 50 years! Nationalism!
It's a long way to Tipperary,
It's a long way to go;
To the sweetest girl I know!
Goodbye, Piccadilly,
Farewell, Leicester Square,
It's a long, long way to Tipperary,
But my heart's right there!

19. Trench Warfare Trench warfare
Military operations where opposing forces attack from fortified ditches
Battle for mere yards of ground
No Man’s land- barren expanse of mud filled with barbed wire and shell craters
2 parallel systems of deep, rat infested trenches

20. Trench Warfare

23. Trench Warfare
“No Man’s Land”

24. U-Boats
** unrestricted submarine warfare**

25. Allied Ships Sunk by U-Boats

26. The Sinking of the Lusitania

27. The Zimmerman Telegram

28. America Joins the Allies
Because Germany resumed its use of unrestricted warfare and Wilson’s desire for a just peace, US declared war on Germany in April 1917.

29. The Yanks Are Coming!

30. Raising an Army

31. Americans in the Trenches
American expeditionary Forces affected the course of war by deflecting the last push of Germans on the western front in France!

32. War Is HELL !!

33. Sacrifices in War

34. New Weapons

35. The Armistice is Signed!
11 a.m., November 11, 1918
The Armistice is Signed!

36. 22,000,000 Dead

37. The Somme American Cemetary, France
116,516 Americans Died

38. Wilson’s Plan for Peace “make the world safe for democracy”
Fourteen points
No Secret treaties
Freedom of the Seas
Free Trade
Arms (weapons) reduced
Colonial powers should represent colonies
League of Nations
International organization to address diplomatic crises
Goal was to prevent war

39. Treaty of Versailles
Problem: Allies were determined to protect their own national interest
Treaty of Versailles:
Established new nations (did not accommodate all the ethnic diversity in Europe= people in countries will struggle for their own nation to be formed)
Imposed a war guilt clause- Germany had to accept full responsibility for starting WWI
War reparations (war damages) on Germany
These actions laid the basis for the next war!!!
US failed to ratify the treaty of Versailles and did not join the league of Nations
(Remember- Congress must approve the ratification of treaties it is a part of the checks and balances)

40. Treaty of Versailles

41. War at Home

42. Mobilization on the Home front
“Work or Fight”
US economy booms in response to the war
Wages on the rise meaning people are making more $$= spending more $$
US tried to help produce and conserve food—grew Victory gardens
Paying for the War
Rise in taxes
Selling government bonds

43. Wartime Agencies
Agencies emphasized cooperation between businesses and the war effort
War Industries Board (WIB): coordinated production of war materials
Fuel Administration: managed to conserve energy; created the first Daylight Savings time
Food Administration: increased food production while decreasing civilian consumption

44. Posters

45. Propaganda
Propaganda- designed to influence people’s thoughts and actions
Characterized the Germans as Huns and resulted in discrimination against Americans of German descent

46. Attacks on Civil Liberties
Anti-Immigration hysteria
Attacks against immigrants in the US of German or Austrian descent increased
Espionage and Sedition Acts
A person could be fined or jailed for saying anything disloyal, profane or abusive about the government or the war effort
These laws clearly violated the _?__ amendment
Targeted socialists and labor leaders
These laws contributed to the post-war red scare

47. WWI encourages Social Changes
**WWI unleashed powerful changes for African Americans and women.**
African Americans
The Great Migration- large scale movement of Southern blacks to northern cities
Blacks had always been moving forth, but now the numbers tripled
Reasons for migration:
Escape racial discrimination
More job opportunities

49. WWI encourages Social Changes…continued
Women
Women moved into jobs that had been exclusively held by men
Women gained the right to vote from the 19th amendment—ratified in 1920
Equal work did NOT mean equal pay

50. 1918 Flu Pandemic: Depletes All Armies
50,000,000 – 100,000,000 died

51. Legacy of WWI
Accelerated America’s emergence as the world’s greatest industrial power
Strengthened US military and power of government
Accelerated social change for African Americans and women in the US
Intensified anti-immigration and anti-radical sentiments amongst mainstream Americans
Unsettled disputes in Europe
Political instability and violence in Europe