1. Fehrat Abbas Nationalist, representing Algerian Muslims
Wrote the Manifesto of Algerian People; 1942
Demanded “the condemnation and abolition of colonization” plus self-government, a new constitution, participation by Algerians in their own political affairs & equality
Moderate: UDMA faction
Leader in FLN; ruled in Cairo

2. Ben Bella Radical Arab nationalist & socialist
Fought for the French during WWII
Leader/founder of the FLN
Imprisoned by France throughout the majority of the war
After independence, becomes Algeria’s first President

3. FLN National Liberation Front
Socialist Nationalist political party in Algeria (started in Cairo)
Merged with several smaller groups & radicalized post-WWII
The FLN's armed wing was the Armée de Libération nationale (ALN).
Relied heavily on civilian support
Why did they adopt guerrilla tactics?

4. FLN & Guerrilla Warfare
By 1957, FLN evolved into a disciplined fighting force of 40,000
Applied hit-and-run tactics
Originally aimed at military/police targets
Eventually became a terror campaign against anyone deemed to support French authority
Pieds-Noirs farms, factories, businesses, transport, communication
Heavily populated French urban areas
Moderate Muslims (7,000/2yrs)
Harkis

5. FLN & GuerRilla Warfare
Used assortment of hunting rifles and discarded French, German, and American WWII weapons
Specialized in ambushes and night raids and avoiding direct contact with superior French firepower
Targeted army patrols, military encampments, police posts, and colonial farms, mines, and factories, as well as transportation and communications facilities.
Kidnapping was commonplace, as were the ritual murder and mutilation of civilians.
France responded with a counter-terror campaign
More than half of FLN troops were organized and stationed in Moroccan and Tunisian sanctuaries

6. How did the FLN organize themselves?

7. Women’s roles in the FLN

9. French Support Colons or Pieds-Noirs Harkis
Organisation de l'armée secrète – OAS
What were the OAS used for?

10. DISCUSSION
Describe the FLN insurgency of November 1954.
Summarize the concept of collective responsibility. How did this impact war strategy?

11. Fighting Tactics: Collective Responsibility
Guerrilla Warfare
Torture
War of retaliation
Foreign Aide
Civilian Targets

12. Use of Torture
Resulted in acts of kidnapping, murder, rape, torture & violence against all
How did the French respond?
Henri Alleg's book detailed the various torture methods, among which the famous gégène, an electricity generator initially used for telephone purposes
Sleep deprivation & food deprivation (blatant violation of the Geneva Conventions)
The French military also buried men alive & did mass executions
Decapitations and throat slitting
Policy of “collective responsibility”

13. Use of Torture
"The interrogations are done in accordance with the provisional guide of the intelligence agent (Guide provisoire de l'officier de renseignement, OR), chapter IV: first, the officer questions the prisoner in the "traditional" manner, hitting him with fist and kicking him. Then follows torture: hanging..., water torture..., electricity..., burning (using cigarettes, etc.)... Cases of prisoners who were driven insane were frequent... Between interrogation sessions, the suspects are imprisoned without food in cells, some of which were small enough to impede lying down. We must point out that some of them were very young teenagers and others old men of 75, 80 years or more”

14. How were helicopters used as part of French war strategy?

15. Review: Why did the FLN move their guerrilla attacks to the cities
Review: Why did the FLN move their guerrilla attacks to the cities? To what extent was this change in strategy successful?

16. Role of the Media

17. Advantages/ Strengths Disadvantage/ Weaknesses
The FLN
The French
Advantages/ Strengths
Disadvantage/ Weaknesses
Goals
Strategies

18. Political Effects for France

19. Charles De Gaulle
How did the conflict in Algeria change once de Gaulle was appointed as the new leader of France?
How did pieds-noirs respond to this?

20. OAS What was the OAS? What were they used for in Algeria?
Were they successful? Why or why not?

21. Barricades Week

23. Operations review
With a partner, you will review over the major operations of the Algerian War.
As you discuss, complete the back side of the pink worksheet.