1. Lets start with A little background knowledge before we start the review of 1.1 the First americans

2. Were Hunters and Gatherers
People of the Stone Age
Were Hunters and Gatherers
Getting Food

3. Groups of related families united in bands to collect roots, nuts, fruits and seeds. They also hunted together. By cooperating together they met their basic needs for food, clothing and shelter.

4. The animals they killed provided meat for food, bones for tools, and hides for clothing.

5. They set up seasonal camps in caves or rock shelters wherever the animals were plentiful. But they could never stay long. They were always following the moving heard.

6. Groups migrated when food (plants or animals) became scarce in one location.
We’re outta here!
Yaba-daba-doo!

7. Spreading Through the World

8. Reasons for the Migrations
Couldn’t find enough food
Growing number of bands
Changing climate (desertification)
Follow animals on the move (hunting)

9. About 35,000 years ago
Ice sheets covered about 1/3 of the earth
Result…ocean level lower & land bridges made
migration to various parts of world
possible
Ice Age

10. And it made a cool movie too…

11. Early Cultures
and Societies

12. People in different parts of the world gradually developed their own cultures (way of life). As these groups grew larger, their organization and interactions within the group changed. Band members now performed different tasks (division of labor) and took on different roles according to their abilities and the group’s needs.

13. Now you have some background knowledge of the ice age.
Lets now start with the review of Chapter 1. section 1. The Earliest Americans

14. Section 1:The Earliest Americans
REVIEW OF Unit 1 Chapter 1
Section 1:The Earliest Americans

15. Key Term: Glacier
Glaciers are thick sheets
of ice.

16. Key Term: IRRIGATION
Irrigation is any method to water crops by channeling water from rivers, or streams. People who lived in deserts used irrigation to water their crops.

17. Surplus is the extra amount of product you have.
Key Term: SURPLUS
Surplus is the extra amount of product you have.
When the first americans started farming they discovered that they could trade their surplus crops.
Some farming communities grew into cities.
These cities became centers of government and religious life.
Key Terms: Surplus

18. Key terms: Civilization
Key Term: CIVILIZATION
Civilization is an advanced culture in which people have developed cities, science, and industries. The Mayans, Incans, and Aztecs had very advanced civilizations.
How it all started: When the first Americans started farming they discovered that they could trade their surplus crops.
Some farming communities grew into cities.
These cities became centers of government and religious life.
Key terms: Civilization

19. CHAPTER 1. SECTION 1 REVIEW
THE EARLIEST AMERICANS

20. The First Americans: The Land-Bridge Theory
The Land-Bridge theory states that between 20,ooo to 30,000 years ago, hunters possibly hunting down a large game, crossed from Siberia to Alaska.
They were able to cross because the water was frozen. It became a glacier.
This passage is called the Bering Strait now. It is not frozen, but back then it was.

21. The First Americans: Other Theories
Some people don’t believe in the Land- Bridge theory.
They believe in the Coastal-route theory.
The Coastal-route theory says that they got to America by boat and then traveled southward on foot.

22. The First Americans: Learning to Farm
Changing from hunters and gatherers, to farmers.
They started to grow their own food. This allowed them to settle in one place without worry of running out of food.
Hector they were both hunters and gatherers. Later they started to farm and settle
Farmers also learned how to raise animals like cattle, pigs and llamas
Over time, the hunters were running out of game to hunt so they started to change their ways.
This is how cities began

23. mayaS

24. Three Civilizations: 1. Mayas
The Mayans had a great civilization, expanding from present-day Mexico and Central America.
They were known for their great cities, arts , system of government, and a written language. They created one of the most accurate calendars.
For an unknown reason, the Mayans began to abandon their cities.
Their language is the root for more than 20 languages of Central America.
Watch out for “There” which refers to location or state of being and “their” which refers to possession. Great research details! 

25. Where was the Mayan civilization located?
Maya calendar

26. The Aztecs

27. Three Civilizations: 2. Aztecs
While the Mayan civilization declined, the Aztecs rose.
The Aztecs built a great city, Tenochtitlan in present day Mexico City.
Tenochtitlan was built on a series of islands on a large lake connected by stone roads.
The main island was full of temples to honor the gods.
They were harsh rulers that had regular sacrifices for their gods. Their armies conquered over half of Mexico.
Eventually Hernando Cortez destroyed the Aztec Empire.

28. Tenochtitlan was built on a series of islands on a large lake connected by stone roads.

29. Where was the Aztec empire located located? Mexico

30. Incas

31. 3. Incas The Incan Empire was the largest during the 1400’s.
It stretched all the way down South America. following the Andes, across the desert, all the way to the last parts of the Amazon.
They built amazing, perfectly fitting stone buildings.
They also had the greatest, smoothest roads in the world during its time.
Francisco Pissarro destroyed this civilization.
3. Incas

32. Where was the inca civilization located?
It is located in South America.
It was centered in modern Peru, and also covered large parts of Bolivia, Ecuador, and Chile. Also most of Colombia and some of Argentina.
Where was the inca civilization located?

33. The End