1. Types of Maps

2. Types of Maps Mercator projections Conic projections
Gnomonic projection
Topographic maps
Map Legends
Map Scales
Contour line
Contour interval
Index contours
Depression Contour Lines

3. Mercator Projections
A cylindrical map projection invented by the cartographer Gerardus Mercator in 1569
Since drawing navigation points and lines was simple, mercator projections were used extensively for nautical navigation
This type of map distorts the image near the poles, but still shows the correct shapes of landmasses

4. Compare Greenland and Australia

5. Conic Projections
A conic projection is made by projecting points and lines from a globe onto a cone
Usually used for small scale maps (road maps and weather maps) since they are very accurate for specific lines of latitude, but become distorted at the tops and bottoms

7. Gnomonic Projections
Gnomonic projections are made by projecting points and lines from a globe onto a piece of paper that touches the globe at a single point
Navigators used gnomonic projections to calculate the short line distance between regions far away from each other

9. Topographic Projections
Topographic maps show the changes in elevation due to land formations
Contour lines: Connect points of equal elevation
Contour Intervals: Indicates the altitude difference between contour lines
Index Contours: Numbers that appear on contour lines that give additional information about land’s elevation
Depression Contour Lines: features that are of a drastically different elevations are shown by dashed perpendicular lines drawn from a contour line

10. Contour Line
Index Contour

11. Depression Contour
Contour Line
Index Contour

13. Try this
Problem-Solving Lab on Page 37 – Calculate Gradients