1. RISE OF DICTATORS

2. Benito Mussolini Became the dictator of Italy
Becomes known as Il Duce or “the leader”
In 1919 he founded the National Fascist Party
Fascism = an authoritarian form of gov’t that places the good of the nation above all else, includes extreme nationalism
Ruled by an aggressive and all-powerful leader, tended to glorify violence
In 1922 Fascists became a major force in the Italian parliament

4. Mussolini organized his followers, called the Black Shirts, and led the March on Rome
The King of Italy made Mussolini prime minister
Mussolini did make an agreement with the Catholic Church, called the Lateran Pact
Established Vatican City as an independent state and in return for papal support
Mussolini wanted to build a glorious Italian empire just like in Roman times

8. Joseph Stalin Became the dictator of the Soviet Union
Introduced Five-Year Plans
Each factory and mine had production goals set by the state
Led to increases in industrial output, but not for consumer goods

9. JOSEPH STALIN

11. Collectivization = combine private farms into larger, mechanized state-run farms
Peasants, who received land under Lenin, lost their lands and then are forced to work on these collective farms
Peasants who protested were either executed by Stalin’s police forces or sent to the system of labor camps in Siberia called the Gulag
Stalin killed millions of people he thought were or could plot against him
In the late 1930s he wiped out most of the military officer corps

12. In 1936 he launched a series of show trials, in which people were tortured until they confessed to what Stalin wanted them to say
Stalin ruled with an iron fist and ruthlessly removed all opposition, real or imaginary

13. Adolf Hitler Became the dictator of Germany
Born in Austria, failed artist, fought for Germany in WWI
After the war he joined the National Socialist Party, or Nazi for short
Tries to seize power in the Beer Hall Putsch
Fails and Hitler goes to jail, where he writes Mein Kampf or “my struggle”
It outlines his major political ideas and goals
Decided to reinvent the Nazis as a political party and use the existing political structure

17. Hitler promised to fix the economic problems and to overturn the Treaty of Versailles and bring glory back to Germany since Germans were the master race
By 1933 the Nazi party gained the majority of seats in the German parliament and Hitler was named Chancellor
Once in power, Hitler passed a series of acts that gave him almost total authority
Banned all political parties except the Nazis and trade unions as well

20. Hitler becomes a totalitarian ruler, taking the title of Fuhrer
He was glorified as a great ruler and used propaganda to control the German people
Created Nazi youth organizations to brainwash young Germans
Began to rebuild the German army and economy
Also put his anti-Semitic beliefs into action, which led to the Holocaust and millions dying

23. Hideki Tojo Became the dictator of Japan
Many Japanese lost faith in their gov’t during the Great Depression and turned to the military for leadership
The military began to promote the fighting spirit of Japanese troops
Put military personnel in public schools, children began to learn aspects of warfare
1930s Japanese soldiers and military leaders carried out a series of assassinations of gov’t officials
The gov’t grew more dominated by the military

24. Francisco Franco Became the dictator of Spain
In the 1930s the Spanish Civil War broke out
One side was the Nationalists, a fascist-like group, led by General Franco
They fought against the Republicans, who were trying to save the democracy
Italy and Germany helped out Franco by testing their new weapons on towns that did not support him
France and Great Britain refused to help the democracy, so it ended up getting help from the Soviet Union
Franco wins and sets up a dictatorship in Spain

26. MUSSOLINI HITLER STALIN COUNTRY Political Party Private army
Made peace with
How made peace
ITALY
Germany
Soviet Union
Nazi = Fascist
Fascist
Communist
Black Shirts
S.A.
Catholic Church
German Army
N/A
Lateran Pact
Night of the Long Knives
N/A