2. Price of carbon credits: $5 - $13 per ton CO2
Break even with profit: $30 - $51 per ton CO2

3. Turning nature into a commodity -
to protect it
Off-setting
Finansialisation
Trade and investment agreements

4. Offsetting

6. REDD+

7. Types of offsetting One-off offsets (on or off site)
Finansial compensation
Mitigation banking / credit schemes

8. Why emerging now?
Extraction more controversial and resources declining → finding new markets
Public pressure on corporate social license to operate
Biodiversity protection targets being missed
Corporate resistance to additional protection of nature

9. Tendencies in the EU
Biodiversity strategy: No Net Loss + valuation by 2050
Habitat Directive: compensation measures
The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity (TEEB): valuation
Natural Capital Financing Facility: investment
Business and Biodiversity Offsets Programme: development and testing

12. Practical problems Impossibility of restauration and compensation
Definitions and valuation
Management
Measurements
Trade-offs
Green grabbing
Local consequences and conflicts

13. If just the price were higher...

14. Polluter pays or license to trash?
COMMODIFYING NATURE
Polluter pays or license to trash?

15. Transactions:world trade
1972: 2:1
2004: 90:1
Average stock holding
1960: 4 years
2017: 20 sec

16. Finansialisation

17. If market based nature protection does not work … Then what do we want?