1. The Human Machine: Keeping you alive!
Function
Supply and transport materials, remove wastes
Support, move and cover itself
Control itself and sense environment
Protect and defend against invaders
Reproduce
Systems
Digestive
Respiratory
Circulatory
Excretory
Skeletal
Muscular
Skin
Nervous
Endocrine
Immune/
Lymphatic
Reproductive

2. Function 1: Supply and transport materials, and remove wastes
A. Digestive System: supplies materials and removes solid waste
Take in food and water
Break down food into absorbable particles
Transfer nutrients and water to blood and then to body cells
Get rid of solid waste
Some Important Terms/Parts:
Mechanical Breakdown: breaking food down into smaller pieces ex. chewing
Chemical Breakdown: breaking large food molecules into small molecules by breaking the bonds, requires enzymes ex. Amylase enzyme breaks starch into sugars
Mouth: Chews food, adds saliva to start chemical breakdown.
Stomach: Mixes food with hydrochloric acid, enzyme pepsin, and mucus.
Small Intestine: Enzymes added and food further broken down into simple sugars, amino acids, and fatty acids; Molecules diffuse into blood.
Large Intestine: Water is absorbed into blood; solid waste (feces) excreted.

3. Exchange O2 for CO2 with the blood
Function 1: Supply and transport materials, and remove wastes
B. Respiratory System: supplies O2 and removes CO2 and H2O waste
Inhale O2
Exchange O2 for CO2 with the blood
Exhale CO2
Some Important Terms/Parts:
Nose: air enters here, gets cleaned by cilia, and is warmed and moistened
Epiglottis: A small flap of tissue that blocks the windpipe during swallowing
Lungs: inhale and exhale, exchange gases with the blood
Air Sacs or Alveoli: provide a lot of surface area for gases to diffuse from the lungs into/out of the nearby blood. (p. 431)

4. Function 1: Supply and transport materials, and remove wastes
C. Circulatory System: transport materials to and wastes from body cells
Pick up O2 from lungs
Exchange O2, nutrients and water for CO2 and other wastes with the body cells
Drop off CO2 at lungs
Pick up nutrients and water from SI and LI
Drop off other wastes at kidneys
Important Terms and Parts:
Heart: pumps the blood to lungs and rest of the body
Arteries: muscular blood vessels that always carry blood away from heart
Veins: blood vessels that always carry blood back to heart
Capillaries: smallest blood vessels that allow materials to diffuse between blood and body cells
Blood: transports materials around body; has 4 main components Red Blood Cells: carry O2 and glucose Plasma: carries water and salts White Blood Cells: fight invaders Platelets: clot cuts

5. Function 1: Supply and transport materials, and remove wastes
D. Excretory System: removes dissolved wastes and heat from body
Kidneys filter out wastes from the blood
Dissolved wastes excreted from body
Excess heat is transferred to environment
Skin allows water to evaporate from body
Important Terms and Parts:
Urea: waste from cells, made in breakdown of proteins
Urine: urea and excess water
Kidneys: filter out dissolved wastes and water from the blood (by diffusion)
Ureters: tubes that connect kidneys to urinary bladder
Urinary Bladder: collects urine until it can be excreted
Skin: gets rid of excess heat, water, and some urea through sweat