1. Early 19c
Industrialization
in America:
The Market Revolution

2. The
Transportation
Revolution

3. First Turnpike- 1790 Lancaster, PA
By 1832, nearly 2400 mi. of road connected most major cities.

4. Cumberland (National Road), 1811

5. Conestoga Covered Wagons
New Wagons and paved roads allow goods to be shipped to more location faster and cheaper
Conestoga Trail, 1820s

6. Erie Canal System

7. Erie Canal, 1820s
Begun in 1817; completed in 1825

8. Robert Fulton & the Steamboat
Can travel up stream
1807: The Clermont

9. Principal Canals in 1840

10. Inland Freight Rates

11. Clipper Ships 1840
New ships and canals allow goods to move to more locations faster and cheaper then over land

12. The “Iron Horse” Wins! (1830)
1830  13 miles of track built by Baltimore & Ohio RR By 1850  9000 mi. of RR track [1860  31,000 mi.]

13. The Railroad Revolution, 1850s
Immigrant labor built the North RRs.
Slave labor built the South RRs.
Allows for more settlement of the West
Goods can be shipped to new places

14. New
Inventions:
"Yankee Ingenuity"

15. Eli Whitney’s Cotton Gin, 1791 Actually invented by a slave!
Allows South to produce cotton quickly which the Northern factories need to make textiles
Actually invented by a slave!

16. Eli Whitney’s Gun Factory
Interchangeable Parts Rifle – forefather of the assembly line

17. First prototype of the locomotive
Oliver Evans
First automated flour mill
First prototype of the locomotive

18. John Deere & the Steel Plow (1837)

19. Cyrus McCormick & the Mechanical Reaper: 1831
Technology helps farmers plant more crops and harvest them quicker

20. Samuel F. B. Morse
1840 – Telegraph

21. Cyrus Field & the Transatlantic Cable, 1858
Information spread faster making the world seem smaller

22. Elias Howe & Isaac Singer
1840s Sewing Machine
Textiles no longer need to be hand sewn

23. The Northern
Industrial
"Juggernaut"

24. Boom/Bust Cycles:
The blue line shows, for comparison, the price of a year’s tuition at Harvard College. In 1790 it was $24, but by 1860 had risen to $104.

25. Distribution of Wealth
During the American Revolution, 45% of all wealth in the top 10% of the population.
1845 Boston  top 4% owned over 65% of the wealth.
1860 Philadelphia  top 1% owned over 50% of the wealth.
The gap between rich and poor was widening!

26. Polarization of Wealth in the 20c

27. Samuel Slater (“Father of the Factory System”)
Works in British Factory and steals ideas for their machines

28. The Lowell/Waltham System: First Dual-Purpose Textile Plant
Francis Cabot Lowell’s town

29. Lowell in 1850

30. Lowell Mill

31. Early Textile Loom

32. Early Textile Mill Loom Floor

33. New England Textile Centers: 1830s

34. New England Dominance in Textiles
North had more textile factories but depended on the cotton from the South

35. Starting for Lowell

36. What was their typical “profile?”
Lowell Girls
Average age – 24
Contracts for 1 year (average stay 4 years)
5 am -7 pm (Average 73 hrs week)
Average salary $2-3 a week
Challenge traditional female roles but paid half as much as a men
What was their typical “profile?”

37. Lowell Boarding Houses What was boardinghouse life like?
25-40 women lived in each boarding house, with up to six sharing a bedroom
Cost a week
Would foster community as well as resentment
What was boardinghouse life like?

38. Irish Immigrant Girls at Lowell

39. What's
Happening in
America
by the 1850s?

40. Regional Specialization
EAST  Industrial
SOUTH  Cotton & Slavery
WEST  The Nation’s “Breadbasket”

41. American Population Centers in 1820

42. American Population Centers in 1860

43. National Origin of Immigrants: 1820 - 1860
Why now?

44. Changing Occupation Distributions: 1820 - 1860

45. Investment Game
You will have the chance to invest in 5 different rounds – 1820, 1830,1840,1850,1860
You will have a $1,000 dollars to invest with in each round (you don’t reinvest your earnings)
You can invest all 1,000 in one company or invest 500 in two companies. (You can not invest in more the 2 companies)
You can work with a partner to minimize investment risk (still only get 1,000 to work with and will have to share prize if you win)
During each round you will write on the back of the Investment Opportunities Game why you invested in that company at that time.
Remember to keep in mind when things were invented

46. Baltimore and Ohio Railroad
Enterprise
Lowell Textile
Lancaster Turnpike
200
400
Ohio and Erie Canal 50
100
Western Steamboat
Baltimore and Ohio Railroad
Magnetic Telegraph Co.

47. Baltimore and Ohio Railroad
Enterprise
Lowell Textile
150
300
Lancaster Turnpike
200
400
Ohio and Erie Canal 50
100
Western Steamboat
Baltimore and Ohio Railroad
Magnetic Telegraph Co.

48. Baltimore and Ohio Railroad
Enterprise
Lowell Textile
150
300
250
500
Lancaster Turnpike
200
400 50
100
Ohio and Erie Canal
Western Steamboat
600
Baltimore and Ohio Railroad
Magnetic Telegraph Co.

49. Baltimore and Ohio Railroad
Enterprise
Lowell Textile
150
300
250
500
600
Lancaster Turnpike
200
400 50
100
Ohio and Erie Canal
Western Steamboat
Baltimore and Ohio Railroad
Magnetic Telegraph Co.

50. Baltimore and Ohio Railroad
Enterprise
Lowell Textile
150
300
250
500
600
Lancaster Turnpike
200
400 50
100
Ohio and Erie Canal
Western Steamboat
Baltimore and Ohio Railroad
800
Magnetic Telegraph Co.

51. Baltimore and Ohio Railroad
Enterprise
Lowell Textile
150
300
250
500
600
Lancaster Turnpike
200
400 50
100
Ohio and Erie Canal
Western Steamboat
Baltimore and Ohio Railroad
800
Magnetic Telegraph Co.