1. Sponge Fri. April 28
Think about all of the living things on Earth.  If you were going to place them into groups, what main groups might you have?

2. Sponge Mon. May 1
1. Name the Swedish scientist who came up with the way we classify organisms today.
2. What does “binomial nomenclature mean?
3. What is wrong with this? felis Pardalis
4. What is your (human) genus name and species name?

3. Classification of Organisms

4. All living things are organized into groups.
The science of grouping and naming organisms is called Taxonomy.

5. Aristotle, a Greek philosopher, was the first taxonomist.
He divided animals into three groups:
those that fly
those that swim
those that walk, crawl, or run

6. Carolus Linnaeus
(a Swedish doctor)
created the system we use today using observations of organisms to classify them.

7. binomial nomenclature
He also devised a naming system called
binomial nomenclature
In this, organisms are given a two-part name.

8. A genus is a group of very closely related organisms.
The first part of an organism’s scientific name it its genus.
A genus is a group of very closely related organisms.

9. Pumas, ocelots, and house cats are all in the genus Felis.

10. The second part of an organism’s name is its species name.
A species is a group of similar organisms that can mate and produce fertile offspring in nature.

11. Felis concolor Puma
Felis pardalis Ocelot
Felis domesticus House cat

12. The species is never capitalized!
The scientific name is always in Latin, and is always italicized or underlined.
Homo sapiens
Bubo virginianus
Equus greyvi
Clostridium tetani
The species is never capitalized!

13. Scientific names serve four basic functions:
1) It helps scientists avoid errors in communication
2) Information about organisms can be organized and found easily.

14. 3) The scientific name often describes something about the species (e
3) The scientific name often describes something about the species (e.g. Turdus migratorius)
4) Organisms with similar evolutionary histories are classified together
(sharing the same genus name means they are more related than if they didn’t)

15. There are seven groups that living things are organized into.

16. Kingdom
Largest  Smallest
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

17. These groups can be remembered by a phrase:
King
Philip
Chases
Old
Fat
Girl
Scouts

18. Kingdom: Animalia An example of how the system works: Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Primates
Family: Hominidae
Genus: Homo
species: sapiens

19. Ways scientists classify organisms:
1) Characteristics that are easily observable (e.g. plant vs. animal)
2) DNA/chemical make-up
3) Similarities in genes and body structure
4) Study fossils and embryo of organism as it develops

20. evolutionary history of an organism
Phylogeny:  
evolutionary history of an organism
Phylogeny tells scientists who the ancestors of an organism were and helps classify it.

21. The Six Kingdoms of Life
Animals
Plants
Fungus
Protists
Eubacteria
Archaebacteria

22. Examples: fish, humans, worms
The Animal Kingdom
Cells: eukaryotic
(Eukaryotic means DNA is contained within a nucleus)
Examples: fish, humans, worms
Many celled
Move?: Yes
Eat: Plants or animals

23. Examples: cactus, roses, pine trees
The Plant Kingdom
Cells: eukaryotic
Move?: No
Many celled
Examples: cactus, roses, pine trees
Eat: Make own food

24. The Fungus Kingdom Cells: eukaryotic Move?: No Single & many celled
Example: mushrooms
Most eat dead/decaying organisms

25. Some make own food, others eat other organisms
The Protist Kingdom
Cells: eukaryotic
Move?: Some do, some don’t
Single & many celled
Examples: Euglenas, amoebas
Some make own food, others eat other organisms

26. The Eubacteria Kingdom
Cells: prokaryotic
(Prokaryotic means DNA is not contained within a nucleus)
Examples: E. coli, Anthrax
Move?: Some do, some don’t
Single celled
Some make own food, others eat other organisms

27. The Archaebacteria Kingdom
Cells: prokaryotic
Single celled
Move?: Some do, some don’t
Examples: bacteria that live in extreme conditions
Some make own food, others eat other organisms