1. Taxonomy
Mr. Young
Biology

2. Taxonomy
The branch of biology that names and groups organisms according to their characteristics and evolutionary history

3. Aristotle
Greek philosopher
First to classify organisms

4. Aristotle
Grouped animals by where they lived: land, air, water

5. Aristotle Grouped plants by their stems
Not effective: organisms vary area to area

6. Carolus Linnaeus – Swedish naturalist 1700’s
Organized organisms according to form and structure (morphology)
System we use today

7. 7 different levels of organization
Kingdom-2 kingdoms plant and animal (now we have 6)
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species – can have offspring together
Kids Play Cards On Funny Green Spaceships

8. Binomial nomenclature – the 2 part name of an organism
The first part is the genus
The second part is the species identifier
Use Latin
Capitalize Genus
Lowercase the species
Ex. Homo sapiens
Genus – Homo
species - sapiens

9. Subspecies
Variations of species in different geographic areas or varieties
Pit-bull, Boxer, German Shepard, Dalmatian
All are Dogs

10. Now
Taxonomist use an organisms phylogeny (evolutionary history) to classify it
Linnaeus used morphology (body Shape)
Most of his findings still relevant today

11. Systematic Taxonomy – evidence for classification
Phylogenetic tree – family tree that show the evolutionary relationships

12. Systematic Taxonomy – evidence for classification
Fossil record – usually incomplete

13. Systematic Taxonomy – evidence for classification
Morphology- more homologous structures the closer the relationship

14. Systematic Taxonomy – evidence for classification
Embryological patterns of development-early patterns in embryos -

15. Systematic Taxonomy – evidence for classification
Chromosomes – compare DNA

16. 5 Kingdoms
Monera
Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia

17. 6 KINGDOMS
ARCHAEBACTERIA
EUBACTERIA
PROTISTA
FUNGI
PLANTAE
ANIMALIA

18. Examples Taxonomy House cat Mountain lion Domestic dog Human Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus Specie
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Carnivora
Felidae
Felis
domesticus
concolor
Canidae
Canis
familiaris
Primate
Hominidae
Homo
sapiens

19. 1. In your words what is Taxonomy?
Grouping and naming organisms

20. 2. What do you call the system of giving organisms two names?
Binomial nomenclature

21. 3. On What basis did Linneaus classify organisms?
Morphology

22. 4. What is more specific the kingdom or specie?
species

23. 5. What language are taxonomic names given in ?
Latin

24. 6. What is binomial nomenclature for dogs?
Canis familiaris

25. 7. Which two organisms are most closely related How do you know?
Cat and Mountain Lion
Most taxonomy terms the same

26. 8. Give the order, family, genus and specie for humans
Order - Primate
Family- Hominidae
Genus – Homo
Specie - sapiens

27. 9. Where have we heard the word ”Hominidae” before?
Study of human evolution

28. Common names Bovine - cows Canine - dogs Equine - horse
Feline - house cat
Homo - human
Panthera - big cats