1. Chapter 19 The United States Through Industrialism

2. NE = North Economy SE = South Economy NG = North Geography SG = South Geography NS = North Society SS = South Society NT = North Transportation ST = South Transportation

3. The North: Geography four distinct seasons jagged New England coast with rocky soil thick forests in New England wide plains with rich soil in New York, Pennsylvania, and New Jersey

4. The North: Economy economy based on manufacturing steam-powered machinery Unskilled laborers worked in factories. The new reaper cut grain more efficiently than a man with a scythe.

5. The North: Transportation National Road steamboats and clipper ships Erie Canal 20,000 miles of railroads

6. The North: Society Growing numbers lived in cities. African Americans were free but not equal. immigrants from Ireland and Germany

7. The South: Geography mild winters and hot, humid summers coastal plains with swamps and marshes rolling hills and mountain hollows broad, flat rivers

8. The South: Economy economy based on agriculture small farms Plantations used slaves to raise cash crops, especially cotton. Tredegar Iron Works

9. The South: Transportation steam-powered riverboats cotton shipped down the rivers The Mississippi River was the mightiest southern river. 10,000 miles of rail

10. The South: Society Rich planters lived in large mansions. Some white farmers owned their own small farms. Free African Americans worked as craftspeople, servants, and laborers. Wealthy planters enslaved African Americans.