1. CHINA THE MIDDLE KINGDOM & LAND UNDER HEAVEN

5. Early China

6. Variety of the Land China is divided into 32 provinces
It is Fourth largest nation in World (after Russia, Canada, and the USA).
Capital/ Beijing
Natural Boundaries Isolate China
Diverse Natural Environment
Greatest Population-1.3 Billion

7. Dynastic Government Chinese regarded their ruler as the Son of
Heaven. He received the Mandate of Heaven which is the right to rule. (Similar to the European “divine right of kings.”)
Dynasties were ruling families of China that rose and fell according to a dynastic cycle
The Han Dynasty later introduced four parts that all future dynasties would have:
Four Major Parts of Dynastic Government
Single ruler known as the emperor who made the laws, was in charge of the government, and interpreted the ideology
Government Officials-Were bureaucrats who were appointed to office on the basis of an examination.
System of Laws-Developed by emperor and bureaurats
The official Ideology-political philosophy which was enforced by the bureaucrats.

8. The Dynastic Cycle

9. Early Dynasties
The Xia- was the first of 24 Chinese dynasties, BC
The Shang Dynasty- invented the first writing system
The Zhou- developed the concept of the Mandate of Heaven
The Qin Dynasty- was the first to unite China under an emperor
The Han Dynasty-establish a stable government with 4 parts

10. Shi Huangdi- First Emperor, united China under a single ruler

11. Later Dynasties
The Sui Dynasty- Emperor was was Wendi built the famous Grand Canal
The Tang Dynasty- restored China to peace after years of chaos and became China’s Golden Age
The Yuan or Mongol Dynasty- was founded by Kublai Khan and Marco Polo visits China during his reign.
The Ming Dynasty- was led by a leader called Zhu and he reclaims China for the Chinese
The Qing Dynasty- was the last dynasty of China and it was ruled by the Manchus

12. Kublai Khan-Yuan Dynasty

13. The Forbidden City-Where the emperor and his court lived
The Forbidden City-Where the emperor and his court lived. Ordinary people were forbidden.

14. Traditional China: The Few & the Many

15. The Upper Class Gentry-Wealthy landowners
Government Officials-had to pass civil service exams
Scholars-Had to pass all four levels of civil service exam.

16. The Lower Class Peasants-80% of population Scientists-Not recognized
Merchants-wealthy but looked down upon by upper class
Soldiers-served as internal peacekeepers as well as the army

17. Chinese Inventions paper, printing press, chemical explosives
mechanical clock, compass, canal locks
crossbow, kite, cast iron, watertight compartments
various drugs, system of measures, irrigation techniques
flood control devices, canals, acupuncture, vaccinations, operations

18. Chinese Philosophies that have Shaped Chinese Culture

19. Daoism or Taoism Daoism means-”The Way of Nature”
Lao-zi-founder of Daoism
Live in Harmony With Nature
The Dao De Jing-book of Daoism
(One of the Chinese Classics)

20. Confucianism- Founded by China’s Greatest Philosopher –Confucius Five Relationships of Confucianism:
Ruler & Ruled
Father & Son
Husband & Wife
Older Brother Younger Brother
Friend & Friend

21. Other Religions that influenced China in descending order:
Buddhism
Islam
Christianity

22. The Chinese Revolution

23. FIVE MAJOR EVENTS OF THE CHINESE REVOLUTION
pium Wars open China.
ebellions rock China.
un shines democracy over China.
haing keeps China in check.
ao chases Chaing, makes China
Communist.

24. O=The Opium Wars Open China

25. Outcome of the Opium Wars
The Treaty of Nanjing- ended the Opium War in As a result the British take Hong Kong from China
Extraterritoriality-British merchants caught smuggling had to be tried in British courts.
China was reduced to an inferior nation.
The West control “Sphere of Influence” in China. (China’s major ports)
Opium Wars open China and ends China’s Isolation

26. Rebellions Rock China
Taiping Rebellion, 1853 (Taipings were converted Christian peasants)
Wanted equality and an end to Qing rule
Over 20 million die as rebellion is put down with help of foreign powers

27. R=Rebellions Rock China

28. BOXER REBELLION Boxers were anti-Qing and anti-West peasant Chinese
1900s, Peasants and workers wanted to rid China of all foreign influences
“Death to the Foreign Devils”
Boxers were defeated by European powers

29. S=Sun Shines Democracy Over China

30. SUN SHINES DEMOCRACY OVER CHINA
Dr. Sun Yixian overthrows Qing Dynasty and
brings Democracy to China (1912) The Republic of China
Sun’s Three Principles
1) Democracy
2)Nationalism
3)Livelihood ( Industrialization)
The democracy fails because of 3 reasons:
1)They were use to dynasty
2) Most were uneducated peasants
3) No national unity
4) The Warlords rule
Mao Zedong starts the Communists Party
Chaing -kia shek puts down the Warlords and rules China

31. C=Chaing Keeps China in Check

32. CHAING KEEPS CHINA IN CHECK
Chaing rules as dictator 1930s & 1940s
Mao and Chaing fight over China and Chaing wins first civil war (1930s)
Mao takes the Long March-peasants support Communism
Mao & Communist fight Chaing again in 1949 and win civil war,

33. M=Mao Chases Chaing and Makes China Communist

34. Mao Chases Chaing, Makes China Communist
Civil War ends in 1949/Mao Wins
Chaing kai-shek and Nationalist flee to
Taiwan and establish the Republic of
China.
The US supports Taiwan
The Soviet Union supports Communist
China as it becomes a superpower.
China develops an atomic bomb 1964

35. Other Results of the Chinese Revolution
The Great Leap Forward-A disastrous attempt by Mao Zedong to catch China up with the European powers through rapid agricultural quotas and industrial growth
Great Cultural Revolution- A period of violence and purging as Mao destroys any resistance to communist ideology. Brainwashing through Maoist thought was the result of this period.
Women become equal under communism

36. Mao Chases Chaing, Makes China Communist
1972- Richard Nixon visits China
The US recognizes Communist China
1989-Tianemen Square Pro-Democracy
Student Protest.
Hong Kong is returned, 1998
China wants Taiwan to reunite

37. Tiananmen Square

38. China Reforms its Economy But Limits Freedom
Mao Zedong dies in 1976
In 1981 Deng Xiaoping becomes leader of China and sets China on a new path
Deng Xiaoping's major emphasis was to develop China's economy
His favorite quote to describe his economic philosophy was, " I don't care if a cat is black or white as long as it catches mice."