1. Chapter 22
How does Congress Perform its Function in the American Political System

2. How do committees and rules help Congress do its work?
Committees- Both House and Senate have “standing”, or permanent committees.
Each has jurisdiction over particular subjects and appoints sub-committees to examine proposals in certain areas.
Committee assignments shape members’ careers within Congress.

3. Rules- Constit. Art.1 Sect 4 and 5
Specify the size of committees and how they function (how many members, what kind of legislation will be proposed, form and structure of debates).
A single senator can filibuster- or refuse to surrender the floor during a debate, to prevent a vote on a proposal
1917- Senate adopts cloture- cutting off debate with 60 votes

4. Who leads the House and Senate
House of Representatives
Speaker of the House- very powerful position. “traffic cop” of the House. Decide what bills come to the floor and rules of the debate.
Decentralized committee leadership- when House members rebel against Speaker and put power in hands of Committee chairs 9 often by seniority (length of time in office). The committee chairs then compete to control agenda.

5. Political Party Control- Strong Speaker who represents the majority more than the institution as a whole. Ex “Gingrich’s Contract with America”
Leader of Senate is Vice President- though he/she isn’t a member and only votes to break ties.

6. What Roles Do Majority Rule and Compromise Play in Congressional Deliberation?
Enacting law=complicated
Only 1/10 bills survive to be law and usually with having to undergo significant changes.
Proposals can also be resolutions- addresses procedural rules or expresses sentiments in each chamber.
Joint resolutions are introduced in both chambers at the same time and is a device used for proposing constitutional amendments. If approved by the Pres, it becomes law.

7. A concurrent resolution expresses congressional sentiment, but isn’t law.
Revenue bills have to originate in the House.

8. Committee Assignment
All bills must be assigned to at least one committee.
Most are sent to subcommittees.

9. Hearings Open to the public
Often announced in newspapers and other forums.
Representatives and interest groups may present testimony

10. Deliberations
If a bill is to become law, a “mark up” session must be scheduled.
Committee members review the bill, modify it if they wish, approve the final version and then present it to the full Senate or House for approval.

11. Bills developed by subcommittees are submitted to full committees for approval before being submitted to the House and Senate for approval.