1. Name a Famous… TV Presenter Sports Star UK Politician Business Person
World Leader
Author
Local Celebrity
Music Icon

10. Question?
Why or how might feminist sociologists criticise the theories of Functionalist and Marxist sociologists?

11. ‘Malestream’ sociology
Heidensohn (1985) accuses the CCCS of being ‘malestream’.
Which means that their accounts were written by male sociologists about young males.
Traditionally all academics were men and naturally men are more interested in researching and writing about male behaviour
Some feminists might argue that by making the female element invisible male sociologists have been reinforcing patriarchal dominance!

12. Origins of Patriarchy
A prominent Greek general Meno, in the Platonic dialogue of the same name, sums up the prevailing sentiment in Classical Greece about the respective virtues of men and women. He says:
Let us take first the virtue of a man—he should know how to administer the state, and in the administration of it to benefit his friends and harm his enemies; and he must also be careful not to suffer harm himself. A woman's virtue, if you wish to know about that, may also be easily described: her duty is to order her house, and keep what is indoors, and obey her husband."[20]The works of Aristotle portrayed women as morally, intellectually, and physically inferior to men; saw women as the property of men; claimed that women's role in society was to reproduce and serve men in the household; and saw male domination of women as natural and virtuous.[

13. Gender Patterns of socially constructed behaviour
Talcott Parsons (a functionalist in the 1950s) supported the biological determinist argument:
Male instrumental role of breadwinner
Female expressive role of carer

14. Masculinity What does it mean to be masculine?
Traditional masculinity includes:
Male supremacy
Heterosexuality working class ideology
Aggression
Laddish culture
Nayak (2006) argues that men used to be the breadwinners and do physical jobs which enabled them to opt out of domestic duties… how has this changed?

15. Femininity? What does it mean to be feminine? Is femininity changing?
Is Audrey Hepurn the essence of a feminine role model?

16. Gendered language Compassion letters lovehearts
Logic leadership lovely
Algorithm dancing fighting
Emotional technology nature
Newspaper magazine rabbit
Curtains washing machine
Lawnmower car decisive

18. 3 waves
Feminism 3 1 2
3 theories
Marxist
Liberal
Radical

19. Suffragette

20. The suffragettes Women had to campaign long and hard before they were
given voting rights.
In the early twentieth-century, this campaign was led by the suffragettes.
The suffragettes were groups of women across the country who fought for more
than 30 years to receive equal democratic rights with men.
Photo courtesy of MaryEvans Picture Library
You might like to mention how women’s campaign for voting rights was also helped by their role in the First World War. Attitudes towards women changed as women took on roles in the workplace while the men were at war.

21. 1960’s 2nd Wave

23. Society for Cutting Up Men
Radical Feminism
Society for Cutting Up Men

24. Radical Feminism Men are the ruling class - Patriarchy
Female oppression exists
Male strength, rape and sexual violence underpin male control.
Exploitation in the media increases likelihood of violence
Some become ‘separatists’ that women need to be completely independent of men
Lesbian only relationships, Celibacy for some

26. Marxist Feminism
Capitalism requires an unpaid carer in the home and a reserve army of low paid labour to draw on and control pay
Women are more likely to be in poverty than men.

27. Liberal Feminism
Campaign for equal rights and an end to gender inequality
Gradual change rather than revolution
Inequality is the result of sexism, discrimination, sex-role stereotypes and socialisation
Rebecca Walker future president of the USA?

28. Statistics http://www.forbes.com/billionaires/list/
Of the top 100 richest people in the world only 7 are women.
There is a 20% pay gap between men and women in the UK
147 of 650 MPs are female i.e 22%
The scientific world especially engineering, technology and computing is male dominated.
Female dominated professions are generally lower paid e.g nursing, teaching, social work.
Female GPs will overtake male GPs by 2017!! Watch to see if relative pay decreases.

29. Does female oppression still exist?
How might oppression take place? (Think about agents of social control/ socialisation)
Estimate the % of women who are victims of domestic violence.
Estimate the % of women who are victims of sexual violence.
Why might female victimisation be increasing?
Why might female crime be increasing?

30. Not as much in western societies although there is still significant inequality and exploitation in the media.
Sanctions for behaviour which is constructed as unfeminine perpetuates inequalityValerie Hey described a world in which girls use sexual innuendo ‘ugly’, slag’, ‘dyke’ to punish those who stray out of line in terms of being ‘feminine’ and ‘normal’.
According to BCS 1 in 10 per year
BCS claims 1 in 20 each year 45% by current partners
Crisis of masculinity, improved policing and reporting of crimes
Decreasing controls on women, laddettes

31. Use your own throughts to debate
Ideological and Physical control of women leaves them disadvantaged:-
In the home
In the workplace
In Educational attainment
In criminal justice
Financially
Globally

32. Feminism and Youth Culture
Women have been involved in the development of youth cultures in several ways
Girls were involved in spectacular youth cultures
Women were involved in music and fashion industry
More recently girl sub-cultures have emerged.

33. Feminist culture Lesley Gore
Ladettes
Kelly Clarkson

34. What do you know? Can you identify any female subcultures?
Have you been aware of different female groups within school?
Were they attached to equivalent male groups?
Have you been aware of any groups of males that do not have female members? (or visa versa)
What was revealed in your observations?

35. New wave girls
Blackman (1995)
10 girls School study Doc Martin
boots
Popular punk & new black trousers
wave music T-shirts & over
academically able sized jumpers
working or lower non-conformist,
middle class resist masculine & parental control

36. McRobbie & Garber (1976) Bedroom culture
What are your views on girls’ magazines?
What sort of content do they have?
Smart (1976)
Parents exercise different levels of control over boys and girls.
What difference does this make?

37. Sharpe (1976/1994)
Used structured interviews so that views could be compared over time.
In 1976 revealed girls’ priorities as being love, marriage, children, husband and jobs in that order !
In 1994 this had changed to more career orientated aspirations.
What are the potential problems with structured interviews?
She used only a small sample !!

38. Girl only subcultures? The Riot Grrrls in the USA
Display feeling of anger and oppression
SK8er girls associated with Avril Lavigne in the US and Canada… Read about more on pg 162 and pg 190 for LADETTES !!

39. Analysis and Criticisms
What might be the purpose of female sub-cultures?
How can we criticise feminist theories of youth subculture?
Only focused on gender issues
Rise of androgynous cultures e.g Emo and Straight Edge sXe see p. 164
Club culture (Thornton) dance scenes which grew from LGBT clubs in New York

40. Anti-feminism
? Challenge was for you to identify feminist and anti-feminist messages in following :-
Barbie song
Afro-jack – Take over control
Robin Thicke – Blurred Lines
Fifty Shades of Grey
The Twilight series
If you want to take up hand in by 1st Dec

41. Quick check
What name did McRobbie and Garber give to the girl youth culture which centred around romance, fashion and a certain private domestic space
What girl sub-culture grew up in the USA associated with Avril Lavigne
Why was there so little research done on girl sub-cultures before the 1990s

42. PEEA Mindmap!
Discuss the view that females have little involvement in youth cultures (30)
Use three colours to identify the
AO1 Knowledge
AO2 Application
AO3 Evaluation and analysis

43. Peer Marking Markscheme
Look at the markscheme and put the essay into a band for AO1/AO2/AO3 and Give them a mark for each.
Calculate their grade
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