1. Warm-up!
What significant information did Ibn Sina contribute to the Islamic Empire? What did Ibn Battuta contribute?
Who were the Germanic tribes and how were they different than the Romans?
Who was Charlemagne? What was the most significant thing that happened during his reign?
What were three effects of the invasions of the Germanic tribes?

2. The Feudal and Manorial Systems Chapt 13 Sect 2
Main Idea
In Europe during the Middle Ages, the feudal and manorial systems governed life and required people to perform certain duties and obligations.

3. The Feudal System Origins of Feudalism Knights and Lords
Knights did not exist at the beginning of the Middle Ages but began to emerge, out of necessity, as the period progressed.
Feudalism originated partly as result of Viking invasions
Kings were unable to defend their lands, gave lands to their nobles
Nobles had to find ways to defend their own lands
Built castles, often on hills
Not elaborate structures; built of wood, used as place of shelter in case of attack
Origins of Feudalism
Nobles needed trained soldiers to defend castles
Knights most important, highly skilled soldiers
Mounted knights in heavy armor best defenders
Being a knight is expensive; had to maintain weapons, armor, horses
Knights demanded payment for services
Knights and Lords

4. Knights were usually paid for their services with land
Anyone accepting land was called a vassal
Person from whom he accepted fief was his lord (person that gave a vassal land)
Historians call system of exchanging land for service the feudal system, or feudalism

5. Feudal Obligations Oath of Fealty Financial Obligations
Lords and vassals in feudal system had duties to fulfill to one another
Knight’s chief duty as vassal to provide military service to his lord
Had to promise to remain loyal; promise called oath of fealty
Financial Obligations
Knight had certain financial obligations to lord
Knight obligated to pay ransom for lord’s release if captured in battle
Gave money to lord on special occasions, such as knighting of son
Lord’s Obligations
Lord had to treat knights fairly, not demanding too much time, money
Had to protect knight if attacked by enemies
Had to act as judge in disputes between knights

6. Lords, Peasants, and Serfs
The Manorial System
The feudal system was a political and social system. A related system governed medieval economics. This system was called the manorial system because it was built around large estates called manors.
Most peasants on farm were serfs, tied to manor
Not slaves; could not be sold away from manor
But could not leave, or marry without lord’s permission
Serfdom
Manors had some free people who rented land from lord
Others included landowning peasants, skilled workers like blacksmiths, millers
Also had a priest for spiritual needs
Free People
Manors owned by wealthy lords, knights
Peasants farmed manor fields
Were given protection, plots of land to cultivate for themselves
Lords, Peasants, and Serfs

7. Goal to make manor self-sufficient
A Typical Manor
Most of the manor’s land was occupied by fields for crops & pastures for animals
Medieval farmers learned that leaving a field empty for a year improved the soil
In time, this practice developed into three-field crop rotation system
Each manor included fortified house for noble family, village for peasants, serfs
Goal to make manor self-sufficient
Typical manor also included church, mill, blacksmith
Small Village

9. CONSTRUCTING THE PYRAMID OF POWER
KING
LOYALTY AND
SERVICE
LAND
POWERFUL
NOBLES (LORDS)
LAND AND
PROTECTION
LOYALTY AND
MILITARY SERVICE
LESSER NOBLES
(KNIGHTS/ VASSALS)
LABOR
PROTECTION
SERFS AND FREEMEN

10. How did the feudal system work?
Summarize
How did the feudal system work?
Answer(s): lord gave land to knight in return for protection and loyalty

11. How did lords and peasants benefit from the manorial system?
Analyze
How did lords and peasants benefit from the manorial system?
Answer(s): lords' farmlands were taken care of, produced food; peasants were provided protection from invaders

12. Roman World Feudal World

13. Let’s see how much you remember!
REVIEW
Let’s see how much you remember!
Everyone owed loyalty to the ________
_______ were really the most powerful. They got _______ from the king.
Lesser nobles (knights) gave _________ _________ in return for land
_______ were bound to the land. They worked in return for ____________.
__________ were skilled workers. They paid rent to the ______ and were free to move if they wanted to.

14. Check Your Answers
Everyone owed loyalty to the king.
Nobles were really the most powerful. They got land from the king.
Lesser nobles (knights) gave military service in return for land.
Serfs were bound to the land. They worked in return for protection.
Freemen were skilled workers. They paid rent to the nobles and were free to move if they wanted to.

15. THE END
HISTORY
NOTES