1. African Map Quiz – Tuesday, June 6th
Given an African map which is labelled You need to identify those 15 locations.
Need to identify 4 bodies of water.
Will be given a European country and will need to name the African countries that were imperialized by that particular European country.

2. Unit 4
Imperialism

3. Age of Imperialism
As we have seen so far in this course, the French Revolution (which further inspired nationalism) and the Industrial Revolution shaped European society in the early 19th Century.
It would be the Age of Imperialism ( ) that dramatically changed the face of the world in the late 19th Century.

4. What is Imperialism?
Imperialism – The policy of extending the rule of authority of an empire or nation over foreign countries, or of acquiring and holding colonies and dependencies. Power and influence is done through diplomacy or military force.

5. Imperialism vs. Colonialism
Refers to political or economic control, either legally or illegally.
Creating an empire, expanding into the neighbouring regions and expanding its dominance far outside its boarders.
Foreign government controls/governs a territory without significant settlement.
Little to no new settlement established on new territory.
Refers to where one nation assumes control over the other.
Where a country conquers and rules over other regions for the exploitation of resources from the conquered country for the benefit of the conqueror.
Foreign government controls/governs the territory from within the land being colonized.
Movement to settle to new territory.
Colonialism and imperialism are often used interchangeably, but they are two different words having different meaning.

6. Reasons for Imperialism
There are 5 main motives for empires to seek to expand their rule over other countries or territories:
Exploratory
Ethnocentric
Religious
Political
Economic

7. Exploratory
Imperial nations had a desire to explore territory that was unknown to them.
The main purpose for this exploration of new lands was mainly for medical or scientific research.
Charles Darwin
Other reasons:
Cartography (map making)
Adventure

8. 2. Ethnocentric Europeans acted on the concept of ethnocentrism.
Ethnocentrism – the belief that one race or nation is superior to others.
Ethnocentrism developed out of Charles Darwin’s “survival of the fittest” theory. Philosophers used this theory to explain why there were superior races and inferior races. This became known as Social Darwinism.
Most imperial nations believed that their cultural values or beliefs were superior to other nations or groups.
Believed imperial conquest would bring successful culture to inferior people.

10. 3. Religious
Imperial expansion prompted a religious movement of people setting out to convert new members of conquered territories.
With the belief that Christianity was superior, missionaries believed it was their duty to spread Christianity to the world.
Christian missionaries established churches, and in doing so, they spread Western cultural values as well.
Typically, missionaries spread the imperial nation’s language through education and religious interactions.

11. 4. Political
Patriotism and Nationalism helped spur on imperial growth, thus creating a competition against other supremacies.
It was a matter of national pride, respect and security.
Furthermore, European rivalry spurred nations on for imperial conquest. Since land equaled power, the more land a country could acquire, the more prestige and power they could wield across the globe.
Empires wanted strategic territory to ensure access for their navies and armies around the world.
The empire believed they must expand, thus they needed to be defended.

12. 5. Economic
With the Industrial Revolution taking place during the same time frame, governments and private companies continued to find ways to maximize profits.
Imperialized countries provided the European factories and markets with natural resources (old and new) in order to manufacture product.
Trading posts were strategically placed around imperialized countries to maximize and increase profits.
Such places as the Suez Canal in Egypt which was controlled by the British provided a strategic choke hold over many European powers.
Imperial powers competed with each other over the best potential locations for resources, markets and trade.

13. Suez Canal

14. Keep in Mind There are two distinct stages of imperialism.
Old Imperialism – Early 1500s to early 1800s.
New Imperialism/Age of Imperialism –
Old Imperialism would eventually translate into the Age of Colonialism

15. Countries Involved in Imperialism
Spain
Portugal
Great Britain
France
Germany
Russia
Belgium/Netherlands
Italy
Japan
United States
Participants in Old Imperialism
Participants of New Imperialism
Late additions to New Imperialism

16. Old Imperialism

17. China was not fully imperialized
China was not fully imperialized. Beijing, Hong Kong and Shanghai were the two locations that were dominated by British Trade.
New Imperialism
1900

19. For each of the cartoons, explain who is involved in the cartoon and how imperialism is illustrated.