1. Population
Unit 2
Copeland APHG

2. Population Geography
Elements of Population Geography (focuses on spatial aspects of demography)
Demography (study of population)
Overpopulation
Population Distribution
Population Density
Arithmetic Population Density
Physiological Density
Rate of Natural Increase (the excess of births of deaths – omitting migration)
Growth Rate (Natural increase + Net Migration)

3. Population: Part I

4. Why Study Population?
As the proportion of older people in a country increases, the proportion of younger people decreases.
Why is this a problem?
fewer young workers paying for more pensions and medical expenses for older population, therefore less pension and medical benefits to go around (think about social security)

5. Where are all the children?
Travel to Europe, Japan or Canada and you will notice there are very few kids to be found.
What causes this phenomena?
Women in wealthier countries are having fewer children. Why?
In many of these locations, the Total Fertility Rate (TFR) has dropped below In order to keep a population stable over time, the women in a country must have a TFR of 2.1 or higher.
The Total Fertility Rate reports the average number of children born to a woman of child-bearing age.
Highest TFR ever recorded…Kenya=8.1
Lowest TFR ever recorded…Italy=0.8
Current Highest TFR-Niger-7.6/Current Lowest TFR-Bosnia-Herzegovenia-1.2
American TFR at all time low (see following graph)

6. United States and TFR

7. Population Terms Demography - the study of population characteristics
Overpopulation- when the available resources cannot support the number of people
Density - How many? The total number of people

8. Demography
The study of human populations, particularly the size, distribution, and characteristics of members of population groups.

9. Distribution and Density

10. Population Growth 0 AD 250 Million People 1803 AD 1 Billion People

11. Population “J” Curve

12. The World and the Top 10 World Population as of TODAY 1/20/16 8:15 AM
7,39
China billion
India billion
United States 321 million
Indonesia million
Brazil million
Pakistan million
Nigeria million
Bangladesh million
Russia million
Mexico million
Just fell out of Top 10-Japan 126 million

13. Population Distribution –
Descriptions of locations on the Earth’s surface where individuals or groups (depending on the scale) live.
Dot Map of World Population –
On this map, one dot represents 100,000 people

14. Cartogram
Countries are displayed by size of population rather than land area. Countries named have at least 50 million people.

15. World Population Clusters
Two-thirds of the world’s population are concentrated in four regions:
1. East Asia (East China, Japan, S. Korea, Taiwan)
- ¼ of world population lives here
2. South Asia (India, Pakistan, Bangladesh)
- bound by the Himalayas and a desert in Pakistan, as well as religion barriers to migration
3. Europe
- population is concentrated in cities
4. North America
- megalopolis (Bos-Wash)

17. Ecumene=inhabited earth
The portion of the Earth’s surface occupied by permanent human settlement
Increased over time
¾ of world population lives on only 5% of the Earth’s surface
Is there more land that humans could occupy?

18. Population Distribution
Densely populated regions
Low lands
Fertile soil
Temperate climate
Sparsely Populated Regions
dry lands
wet lands
high lands
cold lands