1. Community and Population Assessment
Chapter 11
Community and Population Assessment

2. Community and Population Assessment
Community assessment focuses on entire population
Data collection
Analysis of the community
Planning
Implementation
Evaluation

3. Community and Population Assessment
Identifies:
Ethnic characteristics
Changes in demographics
Risk factors
Health problems

4. Community and Population Assessment
Identifies:
Protective factors
Assets
Needs
Strengths
Resources

5. Community and Population Assessment
Includes broad health indicators
History
Demographics
Socioeconomic status
Housing
Employment
Working conditions

6. Community and Population Assessment
Includes broad health indicators
Social support networks
Education

7. Theoretical Foundations for Community Assessment
Conceptual models of nursing have four central concepts:
Person
Environment
Health
Nursing

8. Community-As-Partner Model
Based on Neuman’s systems model
Focuses on nursing process and consists of three cores:
Community
Community subsystems
Perceptions

9. Epidemiological Model
Referred to as epidemiologic triangle and consists of three elements:
Agent
Organism
2. Host
Person/population susceptible
3. Environment
Physical, biologic, social factors

10. Roy’s Adaptation Model
Holistic and open system assesses community behavior
Consists of two coping mechanisms:
Cognator
Regulator

11. Roy’s Adaptation Model
Can be observed in four adaptive models:
Physical
Group identity
Role function
Interdependence mode

12. Helvie’s Energy Theory
Open system and the population as a changing energy
Three types of energy:
Bound
Kinetic
Potential

13. Health Promotion Model
Pender’s model focuses on the chance that an individual’s health promoting behaviors will occur
Consists of three components:
Individual characteristics and experiences
Behavior specific cognitions and affect
Behavioral outcome

14. Community Assessment Methods
Windshield survey
Survey
Secondary data
Interviews
Focus groups

15. Peterson and Alexander’s Process of Needs Assessment
Start up planning stage
Operational planning stage
Data stage
Needs analysis
Program and policy development stage
Resource allocation stage

16. Witkin and Altschuld Three Levels of Need and Assessment
Primary need
Secondary need
Tertiary need

17. Witkin and Altschuld Three Levels of Need and Assessment
Needs assessment
Three phases
Pre-assessment
Main assessment
Post-assessment

18. Culturally Diverse Community Assessment
Public health nurse must acquire the following:
Cultural knowledge
Assessment skills
Data collection
Characteristics of population
Behaviors that constitute uniqueness

19. Cultural Competence Purnell Model
Consists of three circles:
Global society in the outlying rim
Community in the second
Person in the inner
Major components
Overview and heritage
Communication

20. Cultural Competence Purnell Model
Major components continued:
Family roles and organization
Workforce issues
Biocultural ecology
High-risk health behaviors
Nutrition

21. Cultural Competence Purnell Model
Major components continued:
Pregnancy
Childbearing practices
Death rituals
Spirituality
Health care practices
Health care providers