1. The Skeletal System:

2. The Skeletal System Parts of the skeletal system
______________
Joints
_____________________
Ligaments (bone to bone)(tendon=bone to muscle)
Divided into two divisions
_______________skull, spinal column
Appendicular skeleton – ______________

3. Functions of Bones _______________________ Protection of soft organs
Movement due to attached skeletal muscles
______________________
Blood cell formation
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

4. Bones of the Human Body The skeleton has ___________ bones
Two basic types of bone tissue
__________bone
Homogeneous (same)
__________ bone
Small needle-like pieces of bone
Many open spaces
Figure 5.2b
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

5. Bones are classified by their shape:
________- bones are longer than they are wide (arms, legs)
Short- usually square in shape, cube like (wrist, ankle)
Flat- _______________________________________
____________- odd shapes (vertebrae, pelvis)

6. Classification of Bones on the Basis of Shape
Figure 5.1

7. Types of Bone Cells _______________ Osteoblasts Osteoclasts
Mature bone cells
Osteoblasts
_________________
Osteoclasts
________________
Break down bone matrix for remodeling and release of calcium
Bone remodeling is a process by both osteoblasts and osteoclasts

8. Axial skeleton supports and protects organs of head, neck and trunk
-skull (cranium and facial bones)
-hyoid bone (anchors tongue and muscles associated with swallowing)
-_______________________(vertebrae and disks)
- bony thorax (ribs and sternum)

9. Appendicular skeleton includes bones of limbs and
bones that anchor them to the axial skeleton
Appendicular skeleton:
pectoral girdle (clavicle, scapula)
___________(arms)
pelvic girdle (sacrum, coccyx)
______________(legs)
______________- where joints meet, connect, and are formed.

12. The Axial Skeleton Forms the longitudinal part of the body
Divided into three parts
______________
Vertebral Column
_____________
Slide 5.20a

13. The Axial Skeleton
Figure 5.6
Slide 5.20b

14. Joints
A joint, or articulation, is the place where two bones come together.
_____________- Immovable:connect bones, no movement. (skull and pelvis).
Cartilaginous- _____________, bones are attached by cartilage, a little movement (spine or ribs).
____________- freely movable, much more movement than cartilaginous joints. Cavities between bones are filled with synovial fluid. This fluid helps lubricate and protect the bones.

15. The Synovial Joint
Figure 5.28
Slide 5.51

16. Types of Synovial Joints Based on Shape
Figure 5.29a–c
Slide 5.52a

17. Types of Synovial Joints Based on Shape
Figure 5.29d–f
Slide 5.52b

18. Types of Joints
Hinge- 
_____________________________________________. (Elbow, Knee)

19. ________________
A ball and socket joint allows for radial movement in almost any direction. They are found in the hips and shoulders. (Hip, Shoulder)

20. Gliding- __________________________________________
Gliding- 
__________________________________________. Mid-carpal and mid-tarsal joints are gliding joints. (Hands, Feet)

21. __________- This type of joint occurs when the touching surfaces of two bones have both concave and convex regions with the shapes of the two bones complementing one other and allowing a wide range of movement._______________

22. _______________-
-a freely moveable joint (diarthrosis) that allows only rotary movement around a single axis. The moving bone rotates within a ring that is formed from a second bone and adjoining ligament.
-Pivot joints allow for ____________, protraction, retraction, twist, flexion, extension, adduction and abduction

23. Joint Type
Movement at joint
Examples
Hinge
Pivot
Ball and Socket
Saddle
Condyloid
Gliding