1. Rural and Urban Society, 1500-1720

2. Rural Society Structures Problems Cyclical, and foundational.
Tenure-based
Heavily Regional
Problems
Different paces of Integration
‘incomplete markets’
Price Revolution, Rent, and Enclosure

3. Urban Society Structures Problems
Nexus economies (Towns possess substantial ‘hinterlands’)
Economic specialization, towns as ‘finishing-sites’
Again, heavily regional
Problems
Three P’s: Poverty, Protest, Plague.
Suborned to state interests
Boom/Bust + shifts in trade led to precarious existence, see: decline of Hanseatic League (Lübeck, Hamburg, Stockholm, Krakôw, et al)

4. Types of Urban Space Market town Commercial Entrepôt
Administrative center
NB: Not mutually exclusive.
London was both administrative center, and increasingly successful commercial entrepôt as the period progressed. Amsterdam was an immensely successful entrepôt for the later 16th and 17th centuries, before experiencing relative stagnation in the 18th.

5. Connections Migration Economic integration
Shared pains (bad harvest, plague, war)
Shared population
In some countries, shared political structures.