1. By Jordi Yang & Meritxell Galí
WHOM
WHO
THAT
WHOSE
WHICH
Relative pronouns
WHY
WHERE
WHEN
WHAT
By Jordi Yang & Meritxell Galí 1

2. Index WHAT and WHY? Kinds Examples Tips Participle clauses Activities2

3. Relative pronouns are used to connect two sentences:
WHAT and WHY?
Relative pronouns are used to connect two sentences:
Tom extinguished the fire .
The fire has caused big losses.
Tom extinguished the fire which has caused big losses.
Tom 3

4. Main Clause
Relative pronouns
Relative Clause 4

5. Relative clauses Non-defining Defining Who Who/that Which Which/that
Whose
When
Where
Why
What
Defining
Who/that
Which/that
Whose
When
Where
Why
What 5

6. DEFINING CLAUSES
TO IDENTIFY 6

7. NON-DEFINING CLAUSES
EXTRA INFORMATION 7

8. “Who is twenty” is additional information WHICH is not necessary
My sister, who is twenty, is at home. 8

9. Last night, my neighbor, who is very tall, dropped his beer on the floor.9

10. Object/ subject The man who saw me in the park is my uncle.
The man saw me in the park.
The man is my uncle.
The man I saw in the park is my uncle.
I saw the man in the park.
Subject relative clause.
Object relative clause. 10

11. Who Have you seen that baby? + That baby is crying.
Have you seen that baby who is crying? 11

12. Who 12

13. Which The table is brown. + The table was imported from India.
The table which was imported from India is brown. 13

14. Which 14

15. Which The dog is very aggressive. The dog is here.
The dog which is very aggressive is here.
CANVIAR 15

16. Which
CANVIAR 16

17. What=The thing which I bought this. + She wants this.
She wants what I bought. 17

18. What 18

19. Where We went to California. + California has the best ice creams.
We went to California, where has the best ice creams. 19

20. Where 20

21. Where
Next time, we are going to Times Square. + My parents married in Times Square.
Next time, we’re going to Times Square where my parents got married. 21

22. Where 22

23. When We went to the cinema. + The cinema was full.
We went to the cinema when it was full. 23

24. When 24

25. Whose That man has become a wanderer. + His house was burned.
The man whose house was burned has become a wanderer. 25

26. Whose 26

27. PARTICIPLE CLAUSE The are 3 types of participle clauses:
Past participle e.g. Worn
Shocked by the explosion, the people ran for shelter.
Present participle e.g. Arriving
Shouting with happiness, Rose said “yes” to Jim’s declaration.
Perfect participle e.g. Having finished
Having finished his homework, he went to watch television .
Certain moment in the past 27

28. TIPS -If it is a non-defining relative clause you can’t use “that”.
Relative pronouns replace an object or a subject, in consequence, you should know what are you replacing.
-If you are replacing an object in a defining relative clause, you can omit the relative pronoun.
You should take into consideration quantity expressions, which go before the relative pronoun. 28

29. Disneyland, all of which belongs to the Disney Company, is located in Anaheim29

30. Jane is a person WHO everyone likes.
Main clause Jane is a person.
Relative clause Everyone likes Jane. 30

31. It is followed by a prepositional phrase:
EXCEPTIONS
WHEN…
It is followed by a prepositional phrase:
The man WHO IS in the house is my father.
 The main verb in the relative clause is progressive:
The man WHO IS swimming in the lake is my father 31

32. Activities 32

33. Participle Clauses
The boy who was waiting in the hall expected a phone call. →
The girl who was picked up by her brother was very nice.
The house that stands at the end of the road will soon be sold.
A friend who helps you in need is a good friend indeed.
A picture that shows the image of a person is a portrait.
Animals that eat plants are called herbivores.
The boy waiting in the hall expected a phone call.
The girl picked up by her brother was very nice.
The house standing at the end of the road will soon be sold.
A friend helping you in need is a good friend indeed.
A picture showing the image of a person is a portrait.
Animals eating plants are called herbivores. 33

34. Defining and Non-defining RelativeClauses
What's the name of the book. You want me to read it.
The man smoked forty cigarettes a day. He died of a heart attack.
That's the building. I work there.
The Plaza Redonda square is near the cathedral. They hold a market in The Plaza Rodonda square every Sunday. (use WHERE)
That's the boy. His mother works in the post office.
The school was built in The school has about 800 students.
What's the name of the book (which/that/-) you want me to read?
The man who smoked forty cigarettes a day died of a heart attack.
That's the building where I work
The Plaza Redonda square, where they hold a market every Sunday, is near the cathedral.
That's the boy whose mother works in the post office.
The school, which has about 800 students, was built in 1907.

35. Subject or Object? object Do you know the girl who I danced with?
Do you know the girl who danced with me?
The apples that we bought in the shop are bad.
We will stay at a hotel which my friend has recommended to us.
This is the man who lives in Scotland.-
That is a museum which I like very much. -
subject
object
object
subject
object

36. WORDSEARCH PUZZLE 36

37. Bibliography 37

38. 38

39. Thank you 39