1. The Crusades
Late Middle Ages

2. What is a Crusade?
European Christians wage a “?” to reclaim ? and ? from the ?
Latin ‘cruciata’ means “marked with a cross”

3. Why Crusade? ?= Muslims from Central Asia
Took Jerusalem and threatened the ? Empire
Byzantine Emperor calls on the ? for help

4. The Holy Land = Palestine/Jerusalem

6. Pope Urban II’s ?
? leaders in France to go fight the Turks

7. Crusaders
“Wear the cross of Christ on their right shoulder or back and with one voice… cry out: ‘God wills it!’” -?

8. Key Events of the Crusades

9. 1st Crusade - Crusaders capture ?

10. 1st Crusade
Crusaders set up four small ? in Palestine
Introduced European ?
Trade between ? and the ? increases

11. 2nd Crusade – ? and win back some territory (1149)

12. 3rd Crusade - Loss of Jerusalem to ? (1187)
Saladin (Muslim leader)
King Richard I of England

13. 4th Crusade - Sack of ? by western Crusaders (1204)
? gather in Constantinople
BUT They decide NOT to go to the Holy Land
Instead, they ? Constantinople and go home
(Much later (?) is when Constantinople is taken by the ? and renamed ?)

14. Other Crusades ?(1212) European children gather to go fight
Most died or were sold into slavery

15. New Military Tactics ? ?

16. Longbows & Crossbows

17. Effects of the Crusades
? the power of the nobles (?)
Strengthened the ?

18. Effects of the Crusades
Left a legacy of ? among ?

19. Effects of the Crusades
Stimulated ? throughout the Mediterranean area and the Middle East

20. Effects of the Crusades
? for Middle Eastern products
Ex: apricots, lemons
Stimulated ?of goods to trade in Middle Eastern markets
Ex: leather, soap

21. Effects of the Crusades
Rise of a modern ? system
Needed a more efficient way to ?

22. New Banking Ideas
? - money that a bank or business will allow a person to use and then pay ?
Expands the supply of $$$, increases trade
? - a ?, generally a percentage of the amount borrowed
? - the practice of ? and requiring the borrower to pay a high amount of interest

23. New Banking Ideas
Foreshadowing: Church rule ? and the banks’ practice of charging interest helped to ? northern Italy.
New ? and bookkeeping practices (use of ?) were introduced.

24. The Hundred Years’ War

25. How long did the Hundred years war last?

26. Who was involved?
? vs. ?

27. How it all started…
English king Edward III claimed the ?

28. Battle of ? (1415)
6,000 English vs. 30,000 French
? victory

29. Joan of Arc French ?, peasant
Has visions, ? telling her to lead the French

30. Joan of Arc
1420 – French and English sign a treaty ? will become king of France
1429 – Joan of Arc ? to ? against the English at Orleans
Charles VI is crowned King of France
No English king!

31. Joan of Arc
1430 – Captured, turned over to Church, ? at the stake as a ? (someone against the church)
Later made a ?

33. ? 1453 - Hundred Years War Ends France in ruins but “?” Millions dead
No money ?