1. Closson, Abou Karaki, al-Fugha
SPACE BORNE RADAR INTERFEROMETRIC MAPPING OF PRECURSORY DEFORMATIONS OF A DYKE COLLAPSE, DEAD SEA, JORDAN
Closson, Abou Karaki, al-Fugha

2. 1650m The case study : the collapse of the salt evaporation pond 19
Ikonos :
The case study :
the collapse of the salt evaporation pond 19
of the Arab poatsh Company
1650m

3. The SEP costed 32 M Jordan Dinar
It collapsed on March 22, 2000
55 M m3 brine to the Dead Sea in less than one our

4. After the mid sixties
The Dead Sea
Decrease from -392m
To -418m

5. June,
ERS Radar Images
May,
Lisan Coastline
1993
1999

6. SAR-based remote sensing technique

7. Remote sensing SAR
SAR = Synthetic Aperture RADAR (RAdio Detection And Ranging)
SAR is a sensor able to generate high resolution images
imaging sensor:
 Allows the observation of the Earth surface in 2D
exemple of another sensor :
Radar altimetre: provide data in one dimension. Allow generation of topographic maps

8. SAR remote sensing - properties
main characteristics of SAR images:
1. It is an active system (illuminate the area of interest with microwaves) 
 independant of solar illumination
allows measurement in day and night conditions
2. use micro-waves to penetrate through cloud cover 
 allows observations in cloud cover areas
remark: it alters the accuracy of measurements
3. Its a coherent system by opposition to visible remote sensing wich
use the incoherent light of the sun
 allows the use of interferometry technic
Main characteristics of a SAR system
1. Is an active system (it provides its own illumination) 
 Is not dependent on the sunlight
Permits continuous day/night operation
2. Uses microwaves, which have reduced impact of cloud, fog and rain 
 Permits all-weather imaging
Nota: hay un impacto en la fase del SAR
3. It is a coherent system, which provides both the amplitude and the phase of the radar signal
 Interferometric techniques can be employed to exploit
the information contained in the phase (tema principal del curso)

9. SAR remote sensing - properties
4. SAR allows the observation of Earth surface properties that are not accessible to visible sensors
- rugosity, dielectric properties (through coherence images)
- possibilities to penetrate
- the vegetation (L band)
- ultra dry soil
- snow cap
5. The Sar resolution is independant of the distance between the sensor
and the objective
6. – Allows the utilisation of different polarization in transmission as well as
in reception :
HH, HV, VV, VH
- Allows the utilization of different frequencies

10. SAR applications
1. Geometric applications, based on the interferometric phase:
- Generation of digital terrain model (DTM)
Technic: SAR interferometry (InSAR)
- Control the deformations fields over the Earth surface
Technic: differential SAR interferometry (DInSAR)
2. Thematic application
- Change detection from coherence variation through time (soil erosion, flood)

11. Deformation fields : principle

12. DInSAR
Topo topographic phase
Mov movement
Atm atmosphere
Noise noise of instruments
The differential interferometric phase is a sum of several components

15. Subidence from