1. Nutrition

2. Bioenergetic strategies
Herbivores
Carnivores
Omnivores

3. Adaptations
Hollow tube: mosquito
Tentacles
Claws
teeth

4. Oxidation of foods Proteins: 4kcal/gram Carbohydrates: 4kcal/gram
Fat: 9Kcal/gram
Kcal = 1,000 calories
Laymen terms Kcal called a calorie

5. Evolution Cnidarians and flatworms Gastrovascular cavity: does both:
Digestion and distribution

6. Some vocab
Peristalsis Sphincter Pancreas: makes most catabolic enzymes. Then dumped into small intestine Gallbladder: stores the enzymes until dumped Liver: detoxifies (peroxizomes). stores glycogen strong rejuvenate powers

7. Alimentary canal Mouth: teeth Stomach Small intestine Large intestine
Saliva: amylase breaks starches
Stomach
Pepsinogen to pepsin by acids
Pepsin breaks down proteins
Small intestine
Microvilli. Most nutrients absorbed
Large intestine
Most water reabsorbed

9. Symbiosis adaptations
Birds: crop: esoph. Pouch w/ bacteria and protists
Gizzard: other pouch w/ small rocks to grind food. No teeth.
Horses: cecum. Pouch in intestine
Ruminants: cattle, sheep
Actually get nutrients from consuming the symbiotic bacteria and protists

11. Homeostasis When blood glucose is high: Blood glucose low
Insulin secreted from beta cells of pancreas
Helps body cells take up glucose
Stim storage of gluc. As glycogen in liver and muscles
Blood glucose low
Pancreas secrete glucagon
Break down glycogen in liver and muscles