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Reproduction
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Eggs & Sperm are made in Gonads
Female Gonad - Ovaries Male Gonad - Testes Sperm and Eggs are haploid- that means they have half the Number of chromosomes (add that)
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Step 1: When an egg is fertilized by a sperm, it is called a zygote.
= + ZYGOTE n= half of the amount of genetic material
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Step 2: Zygote Divides Zygote divides by mitosis
The repeated mitotic cell division is called Cleavage. Zygote divides into 2, 4, & then 8 Cells
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Step 3: The zygote keeps dividing & makes a ball of cells, called a Morula
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Step 4: From a Morula it becomes a Blastula
When it becomes hollow it is called a Blastula **This is what a stem cell is***
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Step 5: Gastrulation Differentiation of tissues occurs
3 Germ layers are made Invagination- the cells fold into each other This is called a gastrula
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3 Layers have names: Ectoderm Mesoderm Endoderm
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3 Germ Layers Ectoderm (outside layer) Becomes the Nervous System, skin, hair and nails Endoderm (inside layer) digestive tract and respiratory tract Mesoderm (middle Layer) Muscles, circulatory system, skeletal system, excretory system, and glands
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An embryo develops in the uterus, and gets nourishment from a placenta
The exchange of nutrients, respiratory gases, and waste diffuse through the placenta
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Placenta
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Prenatal Care/Pregnancy
Environmental factors can harm the embryo/fetus EX: use of drugs, alcohol, tobacco, or other toxins
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Life in the Womb Part 1
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STOP
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Menstrual Cycle The release of a mature egg from a follicle
Occurs ~28 days, and lasts for ~7 days Starts with Puberty, and ends with menopause
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4 stages of Menstrual Cycle
1. Menstruation (flow phase) 2. Follicle Stage 3. Ovulation 4. Corpus Luteum (Luteal Phase)
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1. Menstruation When: Day 1- Day 6
Hormone: Increase in Follicle Stimulating Hormone Menstrual flow begins Shedding of uterine lining and blood
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2. Follicle Stage When: Day 7- 14
Hormone: Follicle Stimulating Hormone stimulates an egg to become mature Follicle Stimulating Hormone thickens the uterine lining
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3. Ovulation When: Day 14 Hormone: Estrogen stops the production of FSH Estrogen stimulates the release of Luteinizing hormone Mature egg is RELEASED
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4. Corpus Luteum Stage “Luteal Phase” When: Day 15- Day 28
Hormones: Luteinizing and Progesterone Luteinizing hormone (LH) stimulates the Corpus Luteum to develop
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Corpus Luteum is the part of the follicle that remains in the ovary
It stimulates estrogen and progesterone It disintegrates and leaves a scar on the ovary
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Hormones Progesterone Thickens Uterine Lining Luteinizing
Stimulates the corpus luteum to develop Follicle Stimulating Hormone Stimulates an egg to become mature Estrogen Stimulates the release of Luteinizing hormone
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