1. Ms. Cohen Anatomy & Physiology Fall 2011
The Brain
Ms. Cohen
Anatomy & Physiology
Fall 2011

2. Divisions of the Brain Brainstem Cerebellum Diencephalon Cerebrum
Medulla oblongata, pons, midbrain
Hypothalamus, thalamus

3. Brain Stem Medulla oblongata
Deals with vital responses such as cardiac, respiratory, vomiting, vasomotor.
Pons
Deals with sleep, equilibrium, swallowing, bladder control, hearing, equilibrium, taste, eye movement, facial expressions, facial sensation, and posture.
Midbrain
associated with vision, hearing, motor control, sleep/wake, arousal (alertness), and temperature regulation

4. Diencephalon Hypothalamus Thalamus
Autonomic Function Control, Endocrine Function Control, Homeostasis, Motor Function Control, Food and Water Intake Regulation, Sleep-Wake Cycle Regulation
Thalamus
Motor Control, Receives Auditory, Somatosensory and Visual Sensory Signals, Relays Sensory Signals to the cerebral cortex, connects senses to emotion, arousal or alerting mechanism

5. Hippocampus
It belongs to the limbic system and plays important roles in the consolidation of information from short-term memory to long-term memory and spatial navigation.
What disorder do you think is related to issues with this brain part? (hint: disorientation and memory loss are common symptoms)

6. Cerebellum
The cerebellum does not initiate movement, but it contributes to coordination, precision, and accurate timing. It receives input from sensory systems and from other parts of the brain and spinal cord, and integrates these inputs to fine tune motor activity.
Would an injury to the cerebellum result in paralysis? Why or why not?

7. Cerebrum (Cerebral Cortex)
Grooves = sulci
Sensory perception, emotions, willed movements, consciousness, memory
Ridges = gyri
Deepest sulci = fissures
Longest fissure divides brain in half

8. What does each part of the cerebrum do?

9. What’s the difference between white and gray matter?

10. What might happen if this is missing/reduced in size?
It connects the left and right cerebral hemispheres and facilitates interhemispheric communication.
It is the largest white matter structure in the brain, consisting of million contralateral
axonal projections. Eye movement, balance of arousal and attention, tactile localization.
What might happen if this is missing/reduced in size?
Communication Between Brain Hemispheres�Eye Movement�Maintaining the Balance of Arousal and Attention�Tactile Localizatio
seizures, which may be followed by feeding problems and delays in holding the head erect, sitting, standing, and walking.
Other possible symptoms may include impairments in mental and physical development, hand-eye coordination, and visual and auditory memory. Hydrocephaly may also occur. In mild cases, symptoms such as seizures, repetitive speech, or headaches may not appear for years

11. Protects brain from displacement
Closest to
Brain.
All blood vessels and cranial nerves
enter the brain here. Filled with CSF

12. Brain Song http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Li5nMsXg1Lk