1. Warm Up Define enlighten and scientific revolution?
How might the two be related?

2. The Enlightenment in Europe
Mullin

3. Video

4. “The Big Picture” Renaissance – changed the way man interpreted MAN
Reformation – changed the way man interpreted GOD
Age of Exploration – changed the way man interpreted the WORLD (& Europe’s place in it)
Scientific Revolution – changed the way man interpreted the UNIVERSE
WHAT’S NEXT?!?!

5. “The Big Picture”
Enlightenment – examination of the relationship between the people and government
What’s the most common form of government in the 18th C.?
Natural intellectual consequence of Renaissance and Scientific Revolution
Examination based in reasoned thought – not emotion!

6. John Locke Wrote during the Glorious Revolution, in England (1688)
Social Contract idea: People give up some rights, but retain others
Inalienable rights
Life
Liberty
Property

7. John Locke
People were reasonable (though still selfish) and had the natural rights to life, liberty, and property.
Purpose of government is to protect these natural rights.
Government power comes from the consent of the people.

8. John Locke Wrote Two Treatise on Government
Purpose of government is to protect inalienable rights
People have right to overthrow unjust government

9. Thomas Hobbes
All humans were naturally selfish and wicked, therefore governments must keep order.
People should hand over their rights to a strong ruler. This was what Hobbes called a social contract.
Strong ruler should have total power (an absolute monarchy).
This powerful government with awesome power is what he called a leviathan (sea monster) therefore he titled his book Leviathan (1651).

10. PS Analysis Read about Locke and Hobbs and other philosophers.
Analyze the PS documents.
Answer the corresponding questions
Due EOC

11. Warm Up How is Thomas Hobbes and John Locke? What did each write?
How did they contribute to the Enlightenment?

12. Voltaire
Wrote more than 70 books of political essays, philosophy, and drama.
Used satire against his enemies, especially the clergy.
Beliefs:
Tolerance
Reason
Freedom of religious belief
Freedom of speech
“I do not agree with a word you say but will defend to the death your right to say it.”

13. Voltaire Leading philosophe Salons Voltaire wrote Candide
Rich people’s sitting rooms
Philosophes gathered to argue, debate ideas
Voltaire wrote Candide
Supported freedom of speech, religion
Often made fun of intolerant nobles, churchmen
“I disapprove of what you say, but will die defending your right to say it”

14. Montesqieu
Believed Britain was the best-governed and most politically balanced country of his own day.
Proposed the “separation of powers” between executive, legislative, and judicial branches of government.
Proposed “checks and balances.”

15. Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Passionately committed to individual freedom.
Believed man was born free and good but easily corrupted.
Believed the only good government was the “general will” or direct democracy.

16. Jean Jacques Rousseau Wrote The Social Contract
People are good
People need gov’t to keep them that way
People must have say in their gov’t
Spoke a lot about Popular Sovereignty
Gov’t created by people
Gov’t subject to will of people
Power o gov’t = people

17. Cesare Bonesana Beccaria
Beliefs
Laws existed to preserve social order, not avenge crime.
Accused should receive speedy trials.
Torture should never be used.
Degree of punishment should match seriousness of crime.
Capital punishment (death penalty) should be abolished.

18. Mary Wollstonecraft Women should be equally educated along with men.
Women should enter professions traditionally dominated by men like medicine and politics.
Wrote A Vindication of the Rights of Woman

19. Mary Shelley Daughter of Mary Wollstonecraft.
Mistress and later wife of poet Percy Bysshe Shelley.
Author of Frankenstein in the summer of 1816, Later published in 1818.

20. PS Analysis Philosopher Quote Analysis.
Divide into 3 groups and read corresponding document.
Prepare to share with class.
Then complete the divine right of kings and map.
Due EOC

21. Warm Up Define Enlightened despot
Who are Voltaire, Montesquie and Rosseau?
What did each write?
What is the social contract?

22. Enlightened despots
Enlightened despots supported the ideas of the philosophes and made enlightenment reforms. Europe’s most important enlightened despots included Frederick II of Prussia, Joseph II of Austria, and Catherine the Great of Russia.

23. Frederick II
Ruled Prussia from 1740 to 1786; granted religious freedoms, reduced censorship, improved education

24. Catherine the Great
Ruled Russia from 1762 to 1796; put in place limited reforms; vastly enlarged the Russian empire

25. Joseph II of Austria Religion The Arts
Joseph II had the most progressive policy of religion toleration in all of Europe. He granted toleration toward Jews as well as Protestants. His anti-clerical and liberal innovations provoked a visit from the Pope Pius VI in Joseph showed himself a good Catholic, but was not persuaded to change his liberal positions on religion.
The Arts
He was known as the “musical king.” He was a huge patron of composers. He is featured prominently in the movie Amadeus, the fictionalized biography of Mozart.

26. Enlightenment DBQ Read the essay question.
Read the documents and annotate them.
Compose a thesis statement that answers the essay question.
Write a two paragraph summary about how the documents support your thesis statement
Quote the documents in your summary.

27. The Enlightenment Spreads

28. Representative Composers
Baroque Music
Representative Composers
Antonio Vivaldi
Johann Sebastian Bach
George Friedrich Handel

29. Antonio Vivaldi (1678-1741) Representative Works
Most famous work Le quattro stagioni (The Four Seasons) written in 1723.
46 operas
76 sonatas
Chamber music
Sacred music

30. Johann Sebastian Bach (1685-1750)
Representative Works
cantatas
chorales
organ works
lute music
chamber music
canons and fugues
Famous piece: “Jesu Joy of Man’s Desiring”

31. George Frederick Handel (1685-1759)
Representative Works
42 operas
29 oratorios
120 cantatas, trios, duets
numerous arias
chamber music
Most famous work: Messiah oratorio traditionally performed during the Christmas season, including “Hallelujah Chorus”.

32. A new, lighter style, emerged during the Enlightenment
Classical Music
A new, lighter style, emerged during the Enlightenment
Representative Composers
Joseph Haydn
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
Ludwig van Beethoven

33. Joseph Haydn ( )
Known as “Father of the Symphony” and “Father of the String Quartet”
Representative Works
104 Symphonies
numerous concertos for various instruments
15 operas
other music

34. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756-1791)
Representative works
23 operas
numerous symphonies
“Toy Symphony”
concertos
“Flute concerto no. 2 in D Major, K 314”
piano music
chamber music
sacred music
masses

35. Ludwig van Beethoven Representative Works
Symphonies (5th and 9th probably the most famous)
Piano music
“Fur Elise”
Vocal music
Operas
Choral music

36. Diderot’s Encyclopedia
Diderot began to publish a series of books in 1751 that were compilations of articles from leading scholars. Even though the French government and the Catholic Church censored the Encyclopedia, it was responsible for spreading Enlightenment ideas all over Europe.

37. Neoclassical Style
Neoclassical art began to replace baroque art during the late 1700s. Neoclassical art followed a simple and elegant style that drew on ideas from classical Greece and Rome.

38. Changes in literature during the Enlightenment
Eighteenth century writers began writing novels, lengthy works of prose fiction. Pamela, by Samuel Richardson, is often considered the first English novel.

39. Activity Complete Music reflection. Complete Enlightened Monarchs SSA
All due EOC.