1. CELLS
Discovering Cells

2. Objectives Describe what a cell is
Explain how microscopes and scientists contributed to cell theory
State the cell theory

3. What is a cell?
A cell is the basic unit of structure and function in living things.
All living things are made of cells

4. Examples of Cells Amoeba Proteus Plant Stem Bacteria Red Blood Cell
Nerve Cell

5. Prokaryotic Eukaryotic
Two Types of Cells
Prokaryotic
Eukaryotic

6. Prokaryotic Do not have structures surrounded by membranes
Few internal structures
Single-celled organisms (unicellular), Bacteria

7. Eukaryotic Contain organelles surrounded by membranes
Most living organisms
Animal
Plant

8. First Observations of Cells

9. Important Scientists 1663 Robert Hooke First one to name the cell
Observed cork in a microscope
The cork looked like rectangular rooms, which he called cells.
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
First to discover single-cell organisms
He looked at water from a pond he saw tiny single celled organisms he called animalcules
Show them the microscope Hooke made and tell them there are also organisms we can’t see that exist.

10. Matthias Schlieden
All plants are made of cells

11. Theodor Schwann
All animals are made of cells

12. Rudolf Virchow
Cells can only arise from pre-existing cells

13. Cell theory
The work of Hooke, Leeuwenhoek, Schleiden, Schwann, Virchow, and others led to an important theory in life science.
Cell theory explains the relationship between cells and living things.

14. Cell Theory All living things are made up of cells
Cells are the smallest unit of life
All cells come from pre-existing cells
#1 Schwann and Schleiden helped. #3 Tell them about spontaneous generation and how it was disproven.

15. Looking Inside Cells

16. Objectives Identify the role of the cell wall and cell membrane
Describe functions of cell organelles
Explain how cells are organized in multi-celled organisms

17. “Typical” Animal Cell

18. “Typical” Plant Cell

19. Organelles
Special structures that perform necessary functions of the cell
Tiny organs. Just like organs in your body you need them to function properly or else it will DIE.

20. organelles little “organs” of the cell
Organelles are present in BOTH plants and animals
Carry out cellular functions!

21. Cell Wall Surrounds the cell membrane Provides support and structure
Only in plant cells
Plant do not have skeletons - no bones, yet there are trees bigger than us. Because of the cell walls that add support.

22. Cell Membrane Surrounds the outside of the cell
Regulates what goes in and out.

23. Nucleus
Controls the cell ( the brain)
Chromatin

24. Produces all of cells energy (ATP)
Mitochondria
Produces all of cells energy (ATP)
Just like cars use gasoline - cells use ATP

25. Endoplasmic Reticulum
transports proteins

26. Ribosomes
Ribosomes function as factories that produce proteins for the cell.
They are attached to the outer surface of the endoplasmic reticulum

27. Golgi Bodies (golgi apparatus)
package proteins

28. OVERVIEW Ribosomes - make proteins
Endoplasmic Reticulum - transport proteins
Golgi Apparatus-packages proteins
Importance of proteins. Relate it to food labels. Relate it to diseases like diabetes and Tay Sachs. Make sure they know vegetarians still need a protein source.
Memorization technique - ER like the show where they are constantly transporting people.

29. Chloroplasts uses sunlight energy to make sugar (glucose) in
photosynthesis
(In plant cells)
If we had these you wouldn’t need to go to the grocery store or eat at all.
Just lie in the sun and your full!

30. Vacuole stores water and other substances
Memorization technique - like vaccum

31. Parts of the Cell: Lysosomes
Lysosomes are small round structures that contain chemicals that break down certain materials.
Lysosomes also break down old cell parts and release the substances so they can be used again

32. Plant vs Animal Cells
Plant and animal cells have a lot of the same organelles.

33. The difference is that plants have:
1. cell walls
2. chloroplasts
3. a large central vacuole

34. Parts of the Cell: Chloroplasts
Only plant cells and some protist cells have chloroplasts.
The chloroplasts help capture sunlight and use it to produce food for the cell.
The chloroplasts give plants their green color.
They are responsible for photosynthesis.

35. Differences between plant cells and animal cells
Relatively smaller
Relatively larger
Irregular in size
Regular in size
No cell wall
Cell wall present
Vacuole small or absent
Large central vacuole
Glycogen granules as food store
Starch granules as food store
Nucleus at the centre
Nucleus near cell wall

36. Specialized Cells
In many-celled organisms cells are grouped together and work as a whole to perform special functions
They are often organized into tissues, organs and organ systems

37. Different kinds of animal cells

38. Tissue A group of similar cells to perform a particular job
Animals: epithelial tissue, muscular tissue
Plants: vascular tissue, mesophyll

39. Organ
Different tissues group together to carry out specialized functions
Heart: consists of muscles, nervous tissue and blood vessels
Leaf: consists of epidermis, mesophyll and vascular tissue

40. Organ System
Several organs and tissues work together to carry out a particular set of functions in a coordinated way
Human: digestive, respiratory, excretory, circulatory and reproductive systems
Plant: root and shoot systems