1. NATIONALISM
A DOUBLE-EDGED SWORD

2. PRINCIPAL OF SELF - DETERMINATION
NATION – Long-term historical entity

3. EUROPE AFTER CONGRESS OF BERLIN 1878

4. NATIONALITY Social and cultural bonds
Shared language, history, traditions, ideals, goals

5. NATIONALISM
Feeling of patriotism, supreme loyalty towards one’s country
Driving force to create a nation
NATION-STATE – independent nation containing a single nationality
Unity of land, people, and culture
SUBJECT NATIONALITY- nationality subject to the rule of a different people

6. DEVELOPMENT
Middle Ages – loyalty = church, city-state, province, feudal lord
Absolutism – moderate nationalism = loyalty to the monarch = Dynastic Nationalism
French Revolution – Intense Nationalism = transfer of loyalty from monarch to nation

7. DOUBLE EDGE Imperialism vs. Anti- Imperialism
Democracy vs. Dictatorship
Imperialism vs. Anti- Imperialism
National Unification vs. Empire Disruption
Militarism vs. War

8. MULTI-NATIONAL EMPIRES
Austria – Hapsburgs
1/5th population German-speaking Austrians
Subject Nationalities?
Hungarians, Italians, Poles, Czechs, Rumanians, Slovaks, Serbs, Croats, Slovenes
Divide and Rule
Dual Monarchy

11. MULTI-NATIONAL EMPIRES
Ottoman Empire - Turks
Subject Nationalities?
Slavs, Albanians, Rumanians, Bulgarians, Greeks, Arabs and Egyptians
Orthodox / Muslim
– “Sick man of Europe”
Greek Revolution ( ), Crimean War ( ), Russo-Turkish War ( ), Congress of Berlin (1878), Balkan Wars ( )

12. PRESENT DAY
State control of education = pride in customs, ideals, history, glory of the nation
Culture = Artist, writers, musical composers,
Mass Communication – newspaper, magazine, books, radio, tv, internet
Rapid Transportation – railroads, automobiles, airlines