1. Whip Around What is your favorite childhood movie?
Be prepared to share aloud.

2. Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved.
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CULTURE AND GENDER

3. On a notecard, address:
What is one challenge you have focused when communicating with someone from another culture?
What is one thing you would like to know about another culture?

4. Our Agenda Understanding Culture and Communication
How Culture Affects Communication
Understanding Gender and Communication
How Gender Affects Communication

5. Understanding Culture and Communication
Culture is the system of learned and shared symbols, language, values, and norms that distinguish one group of people from another
© Sebastian Pfuetze/Getty Images, RF

6. Understanding Culture and Communication
People distinguish between in-groups and out-groups
In-groups are the groups of people with whom we identify
Out-groups are groups we see as different from ourselves
Being part of the out-group can be exciting, but it can also be stressful

7. Understanding Culture and Communication
Cultures vary in their symbols
A symbol is anything that represents an idea
Flags and national anthems are both examples of cultural symbols
© Brand X Pictures/PunchStock, RF

8. Understanding Culture and Communication
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Cultures vary in their languages
Approximately 7,100 languages are used in the world today
Chinese, Spanish, and English— in that order—are the three most commonly spoken languages
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9. Understanding Culture and Communication
Cultures vary in their values
A culture’s values are the standards it uses to judge how good, desirable, or beautiful something is
U.S. culture tends to value equal opportunity, material comfort, practicality and efficiency, achievement, democracy, free enterprise, and individual choice

10. Understanding Culture and Communication
Cultures vary in their norms
Norms are rules or expectations that guide people’s behavior in a culture
Greeting norms and norms for politeness often vary considerably across cultures
© Lisa Anne Auer Bach/Corbis, RF

11. Understanding Culture and Communication
Co-cultures are groups of people who share values, customs, and norms related to mutual interests or characteristics besides their national citizenship
Co-cultures can reflect shared activities, beliefs, or characteristics
Many people identify with multiple co-cultures
Many co-cultures thrive online

12. Understanding Culture and Communication
In some ways, social media platforms—such as Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, Snapchat, and Pinterest—make up their own co-cultures
They have their own symbols (such as #)
They have their own terminology (such as “tweets” and “likes”)
They have their own norms and values (such as norms for what can and cannot be posted or shared)

13. How Culture Affects Communication
Individualistic and collectivistic cultures
Individualistic cultures believe their responsibility is to themselves
Collectivistic cultures believe their responsibility is to their communities
© John Burke/Polka Dot Images/Jupiter Images, RF

14. How Culture Affects Communication
Low-context and high-context cultures
People in low-context cultures are taught to communicate directly and to “say what they mean”
People in high-context cultures are taught to convey meaning through subtle behaviors and contextual cues rather than through verbal directness

15. How Culture Affects Communication
Low-power-distance and high-power-distance cultures
People in low-power- distance cultures believe that no one person or group should have excessive power
In high-power-distance cultures, certain groups have great power; average citizens have much less
© Mark Cuthbert/Geggy Images

16. How Culture Affects Communication
Monochronic and polychronic cultures
People in monochronic cultures view time as a finite commodity
People in polychronic cultures view time as more holistic and fluid and less structured

17. How Culture Affects Communication
Uncertainty-avoiding and uncertainty-accepting cultures
People in uncertainty-avoiding cultures are drawn to the familiar and are relatively unlikely to take risks
People in uncertainty-accepting cultures are open to novel situations and are accepting of people and ideas that are different from their own

18. How Culture Affects Communication
Societies differ in their use of cultural communication codes
Idioms are phrases whose meaning is purely figurative
Jargon is language whose technical meaning is understood by people within a co-culture
Gestures are movements that express ideas

19. TED Talks https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YMyofREc5Jk

20. Nonverbal Group Project

21. Gender and Communication

22. Whip Around When you were a child, what was your favorite game?
Be prepared to share aloud.

23. Male, Female, or Both? Talkative Nurturing Intelligent Outspoken
Aggressive
Independent
Intense
Compassionate
Gentle
Intellectual
Logical
Artistic
Dynamic
Mechanically inclined
Critical
Fashionable
Funny
Daring
Romantic
Self-motivated

24. Understanding Gender and Communication
Gender is a function of:
Gender roles
Biological sex
Sexual orientation
© Creatas Images/2009 Jupiterimages Corporation/Jupiter Images, RF

25. Understanding Gender and Communication
Gender roles are culturally constructed norms for how men and women are expected to act
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Masculinity
Femininity
Androgyny
© Michael Blann/Digital Vision/Getty Images/RF

26. Understanding Gender and Communication
Biological sex is affected by:
Psychology: the sex a person believes he or she should rightly be
Genetics: the combination of X and Y chromosomes
Anatomy: the internal and external sex organs with which a person is born

27. Understanding Gender and Communication
Sexual orientation refers to the sex or sexes to whom we are attracted
Heterosexuality
Homosexuality
Bisexuality
Asexuality
© Beth Dubber/Amazon Studios/Everett Collection

28. How Gender Affects Communication
Expressive talk (normally associated with women)
Communication is seen as a primary way to establish closeness
Instrumental talk (normally associated with men)
Communication is seen as a means to solve problems and accomplish tasks

29. How Gender Affects Communication
More-powerful speech (normally associated with men)
Talking more, interrupting more frequently
Less-powerful speech (normally associated with women)
Asking more questions, using hedges (“sort of,” “might be”)

30. How Gender Affects Communication
Masculine linguistic style
Shorter sentences, more sentence fragments, more references to “I” and “me,” more references to quantity
Feminine linguistic style
Longer sentences, more qualifiers, more references to “we” and “they”

31. How Gender Affects Communication
Touch
Among adults, other-sex touch is more common than same-sex touch
In same-sex pairs, women touch each other more than men do
Emotional communication
Women express more positive emotion
Men express more negative emotion

32. How Gender Affects Communication
Affectionate communication
Among adults, women use more affection behaviors than men do
This difference could be due to:
The amount of affection received in childhood
The perception that affection is feminine
Differences in hormones that promote affectionate behavior

33. TED Talks https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6O9BKRJDqNA

34. Quiz 2
Working in your nonverbal groups, answer questions 1-10