1. Ch. 3 - Settling the Northern Colonies

2. Martin Luther & English Reformation

3. John Calvin
Calvinism--dominant theology for N.E. Puritans & other settlers
Doctrine of Predestination: The elect had already been determined
Conversion & “Visible Saints”

4. Puritans & Separatists
“Purify” Church of England of all Catholic influence
Separatists
Completely wanted to break free from Church of England

5. James I
Scotsman
Harassed Separatists because they threatened his leadership of the Church of England

6. Plymouth Bay Pilgrims Mayflower—1620 Separatists
Left Scrooby England for Holland
“Dutchification”
Permission—Virginia
Mayflower—1620
Massachusetts Bay
Out of scope of charter

7. Mayflower Compact Mayflower Compact 1620 Before left ship
Colony would rule by majority or “body public”—government by contract
Started 1st town meeting

8. Map of the 13 Colonies

9. Plymouth Military leader—Myles Standish
Winter of 102 survived
Helped by Squanto & Chief Massasoit
Epidemic killed ¾ of tribe before Pilgrims arrived

10. William Bradford Chosen governor 30 times in annual elections
Wrote “Plymouth Plantation”

11. Plymouth Plantation--survival
Economics
Fur, Fish, Lumber
Beaver
Bible

12. First Thanksgiving
Autumn, 1621
Celebrated with Wampanoag Indians

13. Charles I Moderate Puritans—some support in Parliament
Charles I-- Parliament dismissed 1629
Sanctioned Puritan persecution by archbishop

14. Massachusetts Bay Colony
1629--Puritans (non-Separatists) formed Massachusetts Bay Company
Used charter as constitution
1630—11 vessels, well equipped
Part of “Great Migration”

15. Great Migration 1630-1642 About 70,000 from England Not all Puritan
20,000 to Massachusetts areas
Many went to West Indies

16. John Winthrop & “City upon a hill”
1st governor—served 19 yrs
Attorney & manor lord in Eng.
“Calling” from God to lead new religious experiment
“City” part of shared purpose for settlers

17. Success of Massachusetts Bay
Fur trade, fishing, shipbuilding
Largest/influential of all New England Colonies
“Protestant Ethic”—serious commitment to work including worldly pursuits

18. Success of Massachusetts Bay
Vote—
“Freemen”—Puritan congregation adult males or “Visible Saints”
2/5 of all males vote—more than in England
All property owners could discuss issues as town meetings
General Court—representative assembly, but only freemen participate

19. John Cotton & the Power of Clergy
“Bible Commonwealth”—religious leaders influence over politics
John Cotton
prominent clergy member
Defended government duty to enforce religious rules
Clergy power—not absolute—could not hold political office
Tightly knit community—social harmony but dissention appeared, i.e. Quakers

20. Anne Hutchinson Bright, outspoken Antinomianism Trial 1638
Extreme Predestination doctrine
Truly saved need not abide God’s or man’s laws
Trial 1638
Out-reasoned inquisitors
Downfall--Belief in direct revelation from God
Banished—Rhode Island
Died in NY from Indian attack

21. Roger Williams Extreme separatist, popular Salem minister
“Radical Ideas”:
Compensate Indians fairly for land
Complete separation of church and state
1635 Banished
Local Indians helped him survive
Founded Rhode Island

22. Rhode Island 1636 Complete religious freedom
Separation of church & state
No taxes to support church
No compulsory attendance or oaths
Universal manhood suffrage (property requirement came later) 22

23. Thomas Hooker Connecticut River
Hartford settlement
Established by Dutch &English
Hooker led large group of Boston Puritans to Hartford

24. Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
1639
“ground breaking”
A modern constitution
Established democratic government

25. Connecticut Colony New Haven
1638
Close link—Church & state
Disfavor with Charles II
1662—Charter united Connecticut river settlements with New Haven 25

26. Maine & New Hampshire Maine New Hampshire
1623--Sir Fernando Gorges—unsuccessful colonization
1677--absorbed by Massachusetts
New Hampshire
Fishing & trading community
1641 Absorbed by Massachusetts
1679 Made separate royal colony

28. Pequot War 1637--Tension Connecticut River Valley
Militiamen & Narragansett allies
Wigwams burned, survivors shot
Pequot—nearly all destroyed

29. King Philip’s War 1675—1676—King Philip (or Metacom)—Massasoit’s son
Coordinated assaults on villages
52 Puritan towns attacked, 12 completely destroyed
Slowed westward movement; tribes dispirited & reduced

30. Charles II & the Restoration
1643 New England Confederation
Puritan “club”
1st step to colonial unity
1660--Charles II restored to crown
England’s focus back on colonies
Found royal orders not followed
Land grant to Conn. & new charter to Rhode Island
1684—Bay Colony Charter revoked
Ends New England Confederation

31. Dominion of New England & Sir Edmund Andros
1686—Dominion imposed by London
Enforce English Navigation Laws
Sir Edmund Andros—Governor
Militaristic & stopped town meetings

32. Glorious Revolution: William & Mary
Bloodless Revolution
James II deposed & replaced with William & Mary
Ended Dominion of New England
Boston Mob—Andros tries to escape in a dress
1691 Massachusetts—royal colony
“Salutary Neglect”

33. Middle Colonies:

34. The Dutch and New Netherland
Dutch East India Company
Henry Hudson--1609
New Netherland--1623
Land claimed by New Netherlands when at its greatest extent.

35. New Amsterdam and New York
New Amsterdam—Manhattan Island
“Company” town
Patroonships
Cosmopolitan population
New York--1664
Charles II--Granted to Duke of York
Took from Dutch bloodlessly
Aristocratic & autocratic colony
Lasting Dutch influence

36. Peter Stuyvesant vs. New Sweden
Despotic leader
Military suppression of Swedish colony (absorbed w/ New Netherland)
Lost New Amsterdam to Duke of York without firing a shot

37. Pennsylvania & Quakers
William Penn—Quaker
Granted land by king to pay debt to Penn’s deceased father--1681
Colony named after father
Best advertized colony
Bought land from Indians

38. Pennsylvania & Quakers
Quaker tolerance
Representative assembly
No tax supported state church, freedom of worship (Jews & Catholics could not vote or hold office)
Ethnic diversity
In 19 years—surpassed population of all colonies except MA

39. New Jersey Small Quaker settlement
1664—Duke of York granted land to two noblemen
New Englanders flocked o new soil
West & East New Jersey sold to Quakers
1702—Crown unified and made it a royal colony

40. Delaware Only 3 counties Named after Lord De La Warr
Some Quakers—associated with Pennsylvania
Own assembly--1703
Controlled by PN until after Amer. Revolution

41. Contrasting colonies North—Urban development, Town meetings.
Middle Colonies
Fertile soil, bread colonies
Rivers—backcountry not mills
Industry
Harbors
Middle size farmers (except NY)
Ethnically mixed
Religiously toleration & democratic
South—more aristocracy & less urban development